№ 5(53)
31 october 2015 year
Rubric: Competitiveness of business Authors: Fedorova F., Deshcherevskaya E. |
Leadership makes key position in nowadays effective business processes and achieving high results
of any project. To setup organization management accurately, it is necessary to take into account
personal properties of the ones WHO manage, WHO is being managed, WHICH resources
are used to meet planned goals. The article, in particular, has analysis of difficulties which appear
due to necessary integration into innovative business so-called Y generation, which differs
noticeably from previous generations, their personal preferences. An hypothesis made that hidden
storage of leadership potential of a manager lays in analysis of psychological types of both
leader himself and team participants. Productivity of this approach described using P. Hersey’s
and K. Blancherd’s model of situational leadership and A. U. Afanasiev’s typology of personality.
Carried research showed how leader’s understanding of his personal psychotype helps for understanding
potentials and problems during application of different leadership styles. Article additionally
describes example of improving communication quality and productivity in solving assigned
tasks while manager takes into account personnel psychotypes, including Y generation ones.
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Social entrepreneurship was identified as a specific economic activity and a subject which is
needed to be studied not long ago — in the 80‑th of the XX century. And now the study programs
of social entrepreneurship exist in USA, Europe, Asia in the universities and in other organizations.
These are programs of higher education and of other kinds. This article deals with the questions,
what are the goals of such programs, what methods of studying are used in the frames of such
programs, where the knowledge of social entrepreneurship can be used. All this data seemed to
be interesting to the Russian readers as in Russia the entrepreneurship education in common and
the social entrepreneurship education in particular are just at the beginning.
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The agents with the similar purposes of lobbying are interested in coordination of their lobbying
efforts. Nevertheless, the free rider problem often takes place. In the article the problem of the free
rider is illustrated on the example of lobbying for protection by the domestic oligopolists acting as
Cournot rivals. It is shown that in the equilibrium with voluntary contribution only firms with smallest
marginal costs or greatest marginal costs contribute. As a result, total lobbying expenditure is less
than optimum level defined as total domestic oligopolists profit maximization problem solution.
Total lobbying expenditures is optimal under share equilibrium and Groves-Clarke mechanism.
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This article continues the series of papers that reveal the foundations of the theory of behavioral
competition by companies in the market. The author describes the aims and objectives of application
of tactical tricks in information space of competition, particularly in image-building. Tactical
tricks are implemented by firms as part of the tactical combinational operations through methods of
information dissemination and management of attention of competitive environment participants.
From all variety of tactical tricks the author identifies and describes in details three types of tactical
tricks: tactical ploys — demonstration of behavioral manners via realization of competitive actions,
filling external atributs of business with attractive images, ways to make images more public
or refrain from publicity; tactical puzzles — creating and disseminating illusions, manipulating by
stereotypical images, competitive advantages simulations; tactical traps — tactical feints, baits
and bluff.
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An impact and effectiveness of antitrust remedies (both structural and behavioral) issued by antitrust
authorities as a condition for merger clearance are still poorly studied especially in Russian
practices. The question raised in this article is quite unconventional. Does the form of remedies really
matter to prevent consumer harm due to increased market power after merger? Is exact remedies
fulfillment necessary for price increases preventing?
To reach the answer on these questions there have been investigated Rosneft’s acquisition of
TNK-BP, which both are large oil companies operating on Russian market. Antitrust remedies issued
by FAS of Russia regarding to this merger included gas station selling in regions where market share
of united company after the deal exceeded 50%. In fact, this condition was fulfilled in small part that
cannot be considered as complete fulfillment. Analysis of prices using difference-in-difference approach
demonstrated the absence of retail price increase after the merger. This result implies that
information about FAS’s supervision over markets affected by the deal on its own may prevent price
increase and negative impact on consumer welfare.
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Most of collusion participants have incentives to commit to collusion because of their high estimations
of future profits. However Leniency Program can affect incentives of collusion participants
through the analysis of market structure changes. The analyses of Leniency Program effects on stability
and duration of collusions increases the efficiency both the work of the antimonopoly authority
and the antimonopoly policy in general.
The described method in the article estimated the impact of Leniency Program on the behavior
of market participants based on Russian data on detected collusions and their characteristics in
2004 – 2011.
Rule of full immunity for every application, introduced by 2007 edition of Leniency Program in
Russia, supports incentives to commit to collusion, instead of refraining from illegal price fixing or
market sharing. But the edition of Leniency Program that has been in place since 2009, in contrast,
enhances profitability of deviation from collusion, making collusions unstable. The improved version
of Leniency Program in 2009 had an impact on collusion participants which can be corresponded to
high sanctions in spite of the actual sanctions had been low. So even in highly imperfect jurisdiction
where the fight with collusions is weak, Leniency Program can have independent significant and can
present as an effective tool.
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