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The economic environment imposes qualitatively new requirements to character of its industrial
sector nowdays. Informatization of economy, need of decision-making in the conditions of dynamic
changes and uncertainty, processes of globalization and intellectualization of economy — all this
qualitatively changes structure of the industry, a condition of its competitiveness. The following tasks
are set in the paper: to define an entity of an industrial policy and its relevant to the modern realities
objectives; to study models of economic growth in the countries of the world and to define strategy
for Russia; to reveal factors which are key for increase in national competitiveness; to formulate the
tools of an industrial policy directed to increase in efficiency of use of key factors of economic growth
and national competitiveness. In the article on the basis of the analysis of industrial policy evolution in
European countries and Russia the expediency of transition from her structural character to promote
the growth of competitiveness of the national companies by means of institutional and infrastructure
mechanisms is proved. The possibility of Russia’s implementation of the catching up-breakthrough
model of economic growth on the basis of grouping of countries on the role of intensification (growth
in resource efficiency) in generating growth of gross domestic product (GDP) is shown. Determined
that the implementation of the above growth model needs an enabling institutional and infrastructure
conditions for investment activities. Based on the assessment of the impact of infrastructural and
institutional factors on global competitiveness proves that the combined effect of infrastructure and
institutions exceeds twice the influence of other factors. In the framework of the system paradigm
the production infrastructure is represented as a multidimensional economic system and formulated
the basic institutional and infrastructural tools for improving national competitiveness. In the context
of infrastructure-as-environment is implemented institutional function of correction parameters of
its development. From the point of view of infrastructure as an object the institutional tools perform
reproductive function in order to better meet the needs of the economy. From the position of infrastructural
processes a function of the creation and diffusion of effective forms of economic behavior
is suggested. The application for the infrastructure project applies innovative features of institutional
tools aimed at the modernisation and intensification.
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This paper considers how a constructive and functional approach to studying competition in entrepreneurship
can be applied in accordance with interdisciplinary methodology. It discusses problems
concerning the foundations of a constructive theory of competition and describes the role played
by the an entrepreneur’s competitive functions during the creation, maintenance, and development
stages of both their own businesses and other businesses, as well as within the larger space of the
competitive environment. The authors draw attention to the need for further research on the diverse
array of functions carried out on a multi-criteria basis by participants in modern enterprise, on the
distinctions between entities participating in competition, and on how the structures of competitive
actions can be systematized according to their identified types, methods, directions, behavioral
characteristics, and level structures.
The article also addresses the question of what impact the entrepreneur’s personal characteristics
have on how their competitive actions are planned and executed. The author concludes that a
constructive theory of competition could be utilized in the scientific effort to justify a consistent core
system of theoretical ideas on the competitive activities of enterprise and its evolution while also
establishing consistency in the use of «competitive» and «semi-competitive» terminology in theory
and in practice.
Keywords: the competition theory, the constructive approach to the research of competition in
entrepreneurship, the competitive function, objects and construction of the competitive actions, the
competitive advantages and disadvantages, the competitive position, functional role of competitive
groups, the character of competitive interaction, developing, constructing of the competitive actions.
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The paper considers how a applicability of terminological apparatus of the theory of competition
to studying problems of competitiveness of entrepreneurial structures can be applied in accordance
with the modern methodology. It discusses the issues unfolding in the scientific periodicals of the
discussion on the concept of «competitiveness», describes the role of competitiveness of business
actors in the development of business in the space of the competitive environment of the Russian
economy. The author draws attention to the need to study the history of the development of ideas
about competitiveness in the Russian economic science that reveals the cause of the current status
of the theory of competitiveness of economic actors. Special attention is given to questions of determination
of level structures the competitiveness of entrepreneurial actors. The article examines
the main theoretical approaches to the understanding the concepts of competitiveness and identified
fundamental contradictions between them, which allows to successfully progress in solving
the scientific problems in the substantiation of competitiveness of the Russian enterprises and the
national economy as a whole. On the basis of differentiation of competition and competitiveness
of entrepreneurial actors, the author gives the evidence to formulate grounds of competitiveness,
and this helps to form a consistent core of the system of theoretical ideas about competitiveness
in entrepreneurship.
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The article is devoted to the presentation of the methodological foundations of the theory of multilevel
competition and the justification of a set of new methods and coefficients for analyzing the level
of competition in individual markets and in the market of multilevel competition as a whole (by the example
of a two-level market). The necessity of forming such methodological foundations of the theory
of multilevel competition is justified by an analysis of the axiomatic kernel of modern theory. This analysis
showed that the axiomatics of the theory is outdated, requires careful adjustment, and the theory
itself — its reorientation, taking into account the new achievements of economic science. The proposed
approach is based on the consideration of a two-level market using the balance method. This
method is generally a two-dimensional table for the production of goods and their distribution among
intermediaries who act as buyers of goods in the B2B wholesale market and a two-dimensional table
for the sale of goods by intermediaries in the B2C market to end-segmented consumers.
Here the author provides a general conceptual approach to the analysis of multilevel competition,
on the basis of which the structure of the market of each level is presented in a structured tabular form.
On this basis, modernized and adapted concentration indices, used in competition theory to measure
the level of competition, are proposed — three- and four-point concentration indices and the Herfindahl-
Hirschman index. The directions of the further development of the tool base for analyzing the state
of competition at each level of the multilevel market and in the multilevel market as a whole are shown.
A general analytical economic and mathematical model of multilevel competition is proposed, on the
basis of which the researcher can conclude that competition is in the multilevel market as a whole.
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№ 6(66)
29 december 2017 year
Rubric: Antitrust regulation Authors: Shastitko A., Pavlova N., Shastitko A. |
Price parallelism in itself is not a violation of antitrust law. However, in the mobile communication
market, it is complemented by features of product characteristics and industry regulation in such
a way that, as a result, it often attracts the attention of antitrust authorities as a sign of concerted
actions (or agreements) restricting competition. The article shows that the existing norms in the law
that describe the criteria for classifying concerted actions are based on economic models that often
do not take into account some real features of the market and of the sellers and buyers. As a result,
the same observable practices may have alternative interpretations that do not imply any kind
of coordination between market participants. The article offers three such alternative interpretations:
through the discrepancy between the expected and actual volume of service consumption,
from the standpoint of the «new theory of consumer demand» and from the behavioral economics
standpoint. To make a decision about the existence of a violation, these hypotheses concerning the
causes of parallel behavior must be disproved with a sufficient degree of accuracy, otherwise there
is a high risk of law enforcement errors.
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Development and protection of competition is one of the main directions for the implementation
of the economic policy of the state and require a systematic and theoretical understanding of the
emerging trends. Therefore, without government interference, competition can also cause negative
trends, such as conducting unscrupulous methods of struggle, abuse of dominant position, which
adversely affects the parameters of the functioning of the market. This article deals with unfair competition
as a result of the intensification of competition in the markets. The authors analyzed the approaches
to the interpretation of the concept of «unfair competition», the reasons for its emergence
and further development. Competition always serves as a prerequisite for the emergence and development
of unfair competition. Thus, the complete elimination of unfair competition is not possible,
and as a result, state policy aimed at combating unfair competition can only minimize its level. Unfair
competition is aimed not only at infringement of the interests of competitors, but also on the state
and always involves violation of legislation and morality. Unfair competition requires control by the
state, as it serves as a source of shadowing of markets, which can negatively affect the economy of
the country as a whole.
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