Journal archive

The task of substantiating the image and the main features of the desirable and possible future of the Russian economy is one of the urgent problems of the economic science. The paper implements an integrated approach to the study of the future. This study combines certain methods of systems analysis of the economy, conceptual analysis of social justice and constructive design of competition relations. The methodological peculiar feature of this study is about the consideration of systems economy as its voluminous description in the form of a combination of systems economic theory, systems economic policy, systems economic management, systems economic practice. The characteristic features of these four subsystems of the future economy that differs from the current economy have been studied. A comparative analysis of the principles of the Russian systems economy and the ideas of the Confucian tradition in China makes it possible to see the similarities of these two teachings and to formulate the features of the trajectory of development of the Russian economy, considering the experience of the development of the PRC economy. As soon as major agents of the systems economy are economic systems, the problem of constructing the concept of justice in relations between the systems arises. The corresponding theory has been developed in this paper on the basis of the systems paradigm. The general concept of effective competition has been examined using the example of competition between socio-economic ecosystems as relatively stable complexes of organizations, business processes, innovative projects and infrastructure systems. It has been shown that the competition between ecosystems of the same type is the most significant (object, process, project or environmental). The position of competition among the major relations between the participants in the economic activity from indifference to consolidation (merger) has been determined. The main features of the desired and the possible future of the Russian economy and the society have been substantiated.

The article discusses the effectiveness of the biological approach of generic strategies of competition by L. G. Ramensky – J. P. Grime to economic processes. Four main strategies are considered: violent, patient, commutant, and explorant. The competitive advantages of firms adhering to these strategies, as well as interactions within the population of firms adhering to different strategies as a single system are considered. The main methodological technique used in the article is to compare the competitive situation in Russia thirty years ago, i. e. at the dawn of the development of market relations in the country, with what is happening now. The main changes that have occurred with firms adhering to each of the four generic strategies are characterized. It is argued that an important reason of the recent high resistance of the Russian economy to external shocks that came as a surprise to most economists is connected with the high adaptability of the system of competitive relations that has developed in the country.

The objectives of the article are to update, identify and structure competitive issues in the agenda of scientific research on the startup activities of Russian entrepreneurs and the development of startup theory, as well as to systematize the objects of management of participation in competition during the period of startups entering the competitive race. Based on the ideas of entrepreneurship as a type of professional activity and on the concept of management of participation in competition, the functional aspects of the competitive activity of startup entrepreneurs are studied. Special objects of consideration are the debut of entrepreneurs in the competitive race in the process of creating their own business, the competitive environment of startups of new business projects, typical features of the identity of successful debutants of the competitive race, strategies for debut in the competitive race, tactical operations for rooting debutants of the competitive race. The entry of startups into the competitive race is interpreted as an integral part of the performance by entrepreneurs of the professional function of creating their own business and bringing it to a state of competitive stability. The article considers specific features of debut strategies in a competitive race, targeting business entities to perform actions to enter the competitive environment at the start-up stage of new business projects, as well as a general template for managing them. The article analyzes the features of the types of operational interaction between start-up entrepreneurs and competitors in a multilateral competitive environment, as well as the prerequisites for influencing, counteracting and assisting competitors, and mutual inaction of the parties to the competition. The article substantiates the need for the participants of the Start-up as a Diploma project to include a competitive section in educational programs to form competitive competencies by beginning entrepreneurs for the purpose of their successful professionalization.

The article focuses on a new approach to personality typology of people engaged in entrepreneurial activity. The sets of stable character manifestations and peculiar behavioral characteristics, inherent in four types of entrepreneur personality “a creative”, “an entrepreneur”, “a manager” and “an owner” are provided. The author introduces a strong correlation between the ability of entrepreneurs to generate new ideas, create, manage, own and run their business and a particular type of personality manifestation. The author claims all people engaged in economic activities to be entrepreneurs by definition. However, the diversity of entrepreneurial success suggests that this mass is far from homogeneous. Entrepreneurs differ significantly within their environment. The article substantiates the importance of differentiating the entrepreneur’s personality type according to the system proposed by the author, provides a detailed description of four personality types and their fundamental differences. The author emphasizes the existence of a certain set of personality characteristics that ensure the entrepreneurial activity success. The paper reveals a conceptual system of entrepreneurs’ differentiation by predominant personality type and aspects that allow to define it. This article will help “people of business” to self-identify – to determine a leading personality type, which will allow them to consciously manage their professional development. The presented personality typology also provides an opportunity to significantly improve the quality of educational programs for entrepreneurs.

The article shows that, along with technical restrictions on access to internet resources around the world, including due to the use of geo-blocking, new deglobalization factors have emerged associated with the spread of digital platforms and the creation of digital ecosystems. The effect of these factors is based on the exploitation of the bounded rationality of platform users and on the difficulties of solving the problem of collective actions of users, which together create new switching costs and impede the development of competition. The approaches of new institutional economic theory and theory of industrial organization are used as the methodological basis for the study. The main strategies of ecosystem leaders to increase the costs of switching for users and to “lock” them into the ecosystem are described: from strategies less dangerous for competition, such as recommendation systems or bonus programs, to more dangerous ones – in particular, strategies to prevent innovations that would make it easier to multihome or to switch between ecosystems. The article demonstrates how traditional theories of harm developed in antitrust can be used to explain the “sharing” of users between ecosystems, and what effects are unexplained and require further theoretical elaboration. In particular, the applicability of the concepts of input foreclosure and aftermarkets to the analysis of ecosystem behavior strategies is analyzed. New approaches from foreign methodological documents in the field of antitrust related to market analysis and merger assessment are considered as ex ante control measures. It is shown that, despite some progress in practice, a number of questions remain unanswered, including at the theoretical level. The article may be of interest to both regulatory authorities and antitrust experts.

The article examines the main trends in the innovative development of enterprises in the chemical and petrochemical industries, which made it possible to determine their role in increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in other sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation. Examples of import-substituting innovations in the industry are given. Using the example of the large-capacity polymer market, the main threats to ensuring the competitive sustainability of these enterprises have been identified. As a result, the relevance of the scientific task of developing existing models of organizational and economic interaction between participants in the production and supply chain of chemical products to increase its competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets based on the implementation of innovative processes is substantiated. A model for using the results of innovative activities in the market of large-scale polymers is proposed, which, unlike well-known models, involves the creation of a hierarchical system of local collaborations focused on the implementation of innovative processes in order to increase the competitiveness of manufactured products at various stages. The proposed approach to managing innovation activities at large enterprises producing large-scale polymers will make it possible to develop solutions for using the results of innovation activities, which can be extended to tens or even hundreds of small companies operating in the markets of the next processing stage. Such decisions included solutions for the entire chain of production and use of products, such as pre- and post-sale service, PR campaigns to promote results, collaboration with other industry players at the early stage of innovation development, and influence on regulators. The practical implementation of the developed model will help ensure the competitive sustainability of enterprises of the petrochemical complex of the Russian Federation in the context of modern challenges.

The relevance and importance of considering the personnel factor of competitiveness in the field of entrepreneurial education are due to the objective request of stakeholders to improve the quality of entrepreneurship education, in particular ordinary citizens – possible future or aspiring entrepreneurs, their environment, public authorities who understand the need for professional solutions to entrepreneurial tasks in various fields for the integrated development of the country, as well as the business community of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify the influence of the personnel factor on the competitiveness of the university in the process of entrepreneurship education. The subject of the study is to ensure the personnel competitiveness of higher educational institutions in the field of entrepreneurship education. The article presents an analysis of the relationship between the personnel arrangement of the university in the field of entrepreneurship education and the competitiveness of educational organizations in the field of higher entrepreneurship education. Based on the use of methods of deduction, induction, synthesis and the case method, the personnel factor influencing the level of competitiveness of universities involved in the process of teaching entrepreneurship is revealed. It is noted that increasing the effectiveness of the personnel factor of competitiveness in the field of entrepreneurship education is based on the adaptation and training of personnel, primarily of a professorial and treacherous nature. Special attention is paid to programs for the training of human resources for entrepreneurship education. The conclusion is made about the importance of forming competitive educational results in the field of entrepreneurship education through adaptation and training programs for personnel involved in the implementation of the content, methods and technologies of entrepreneurship education. The article also presents lists of indicators that can form the basis of assessment methods for different types of teachers in the field of entrepreneurship education.

This paper provides a comprehensive study of the concept of lobbying of interests, covering both theoretical aspects and practical application of this term in the Russian judicial system. The study consists of two main stages: a comprehensive review of scientific literature on the topic of lobbying and a detailed analysis of court decisions of various instances of the Russian Federation, in which the term “lobbying” appears. The main goal of the study is to identify and compare interpretations of the concept of “lobbying” in scientific discourse and judicial practice. The authors seek to determine whether there are discrepancies between theoretical concepts and practical application of this term in the legal sphere. The review of scientific literature demonstrates duality in the understanding of lobbying. On the one hand, there is a positive interpretation, characterizing lobbying as an open, legal and informative process. On the other hand, there is a negative interpretation, associating lobbying with shadow, corrupt and illegal practices. The analysis of court decisions revealed a notable trend: in Russian judicial practice, the term “lobbying” is used exclusively in a negative context. This indicates a significant gap between the scientific understanding of lobbying and its perception in the legal system. Of particular interest is the expansion of the concept of lobbying in some court decisions discovered by the authors. In some cases, the term is applied not only to influencing government bodies, but also to attempts to influence decisions of commercial entities. This observation opens up new prospects for studying the evolution of the concept of lobbying as a business practice in the Russian legal field. This study makes a significant contribution to understanding the complexity and versatility of the concept of lobbying, emphasizing the need for further study of the discrepancies between theoretical approaches and the practical application of this concept in the legal sphere. The results of the work can serve as a basis for improving legislation in the field of regulating lobbying activities and increasing the transparency of decision-making processes in both the public and commercial sectors.