Journal archive
Entrepreneurship theory |
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This article discusses the reasons for the slow pace of implementation of high-tech innovation
by traditional industries enterprises. Authors consider the lack of awareness of the level of technological
innovation as the main reasons for the slow implementation and usage of innovation by
representatives of traditional industries.
Authors adapt the well-known model of Aghion «distance to the frontier» so, that it can be applicable
to inter-sectoral and inter-firm level of decision-making. The resulting model allows in each
case (industry or firm) to answer the question: what is more effectively — to develop our own innovation
or to implement and use previously developed innovations.
The closer a company (or industry) is to the «frontier» of technological development, the more
benefits it will receive from the development of its own innovation. The greater the distance to the
technology “frontier”, the greater the innovation potential of the company (or industry), and the
more effective will be implementation and use of previously developed innovations.
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In recent studies of business and management, social entrepreneurship is one of the most actively
studied areas. The following article provides analysis of major studies of social entrepreneurship
concepts published in scientific magazines from 1998 up to 2014. The research also provides
features of social organization and characteristics of social entrepreneur. The concept of social
entrepreneurship still poorly studied. That is proved by variety of theoretical studies and by limited
number of empirical researches in this area. The main factor that differs social entrepreneurship
from traditional one is the ability of entrepreneurs to use special methods. Social entrepreneurship
can be defined as; a model of political transformation, process of activity, entrepreneurial behavior
of the social initiatives’ beginner who creates social organization and who is interested in tangible
results. The research of social entrepreneur defined his ability to find the possibilities in entrepreneurial
activities and use resources for achieving social mission and fixing social problems.
This ability can be aimed to self-realization of an individual, organization of charity, social help,
or result orientated. The main types of social entrepreneur organizations are traditional noncommercial
organizations, noncommercial social-oriented firms, hybrid organizations, commercial
social-oriented firms. The research shows that Russian practice does not have commercial and
noncommercial social-orientated firms and hybrid organizations. As the result, research provides
specific major concepts of social entrepreneurship, defined characteristics and nuances of social
entrepreneurship, and analysis of social entrepreneurs’ types and intentions.
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Antitrust regulation |
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In article legal grounds of carrying out selection of persons for rendering services are analysed on
movement and (or) storage of the detained vehicles. The judicial is considered and administrative
practice on consideration of questions of free selection of persons for rendering services for movement
and (or) storage of the detained vehicles for lack of ensuring equal access for other participants
of the market. Practice of certain subjects of the Russian Federation on selection of persons
for rendering services for movement and (or) storage of the detained vehicles is investigated,
the main approaches, similarities and distinctions between them are noted, and also examples
of concrete provisions of such orders containing requirements of discrimination (anticompetitive)
character which can bring are allocated to restriction, elimination, prevention of the competition
among the persons having intention and possibility of participation in these selections.
The author formulated prerequisites and the main approaches to expansion of a circle of people
which could participate in selections on the right of movement and (or) storage of the detained
vehicles, and also to possibility of realization of the right of the driver — the buyer (consumer)
“constrainedly“ on a choice of the tow pounds.
Examples of actions of authorities which not only can lead to violations of the antitrust law are
given, but also directly led to such violations.
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The author studied violations of the antimonopoly law on the gas sector market. FAS has an increased
focus on this market; however, the number of violations keeps going up, constituting
a significant share of violations at the industry level. On the gas market in 2014 accounted for 6.7%
of all applications, 3.5% of cases and 2.5% of issued regulations. The paper outlines the results of
the author’s analysis of violations on the gas market by types and Clauses — abuse of dominant
position (96.3% of all breaches in this market), agreements and unfair competition.
The increase in cases of FAS in the statements of individuals or in respect of individuals tends to increase, which, according to the author, is a negative trend. The circle of subjects of legal relations is shifted from the control of the illegal activities in the area of restrictive practices toward consumer protection. Only in the last six years the percentage of physical the applicants amounted to 45.7% and the number of the violations against physical and legal persons are almost equal (respectively to 48.6 and 51.4%). In General, this diagnose the situation on the gas market, institutional, technological, tariff and other problems, the solution of which consumers can’t find in the local governments or other authorities, and I appeal to the Antimonopoly authority. The features of the specifics of processing cases by the antimonopoly authority, the structure of violations and comparative analysis by Clauses of violation. Based on statistical data on violations committed in 2007 – 2014, content-analysis of FAS official web-site as well as the protocols of the sessions of the Expert Council on developing competition on the gas market, the author highlights the key aspects and problem areas for gas market performance in terms of compliance with the competition law. Systematized the most frequently repeated reasons and painted a portrait of the typical violations. The greatest number of problems occur in the markets associated with the distribution of gas through networks of low and medium pressure and supply to final customers. |
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This article brings out and summarizes approaches to definition of market product boundaries for
the purpose of antitrust law enforcement in accordance with the relationship between the main
and derivative products. Following factors are discussed: price of the derivate product in absolute
terms and in comparison with the main product price; probability of the derivative product sale to
consumer under period of the main product use; the main product buyers structure; information
on durables post-sale service conditions availability. It is shown applicability of transaction cost
economics approach to discuss issues relating antitrust and contracting using such transaction
features as bounded rationality, opportunistic behavior and assets specificity. The reasons to mitigate
the mode of antitrust enforcement in aftermarkets are exposed: research and development
expenditures, reputation effects for the main product producer who controls aftermarket, increasing
return to scale in aftermarket.,The article provides the assessment of the results of Russian
antimonopoly policy and competition advocacy in related markets characterized by «main product-derivative product» relationship. Special attention is devoted to compliance practices of manufacturers
and dealers in auto industry from the perspective of competition support in aftermarkets.
The article offers policy implications for the antitrust law enforcement in aftermarkets in Russia.
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Non-competitive behavior of auction participants is a serious problem, leading to losses of economic
efficiency of projects where the mechanism is used. Such violations are quite common in
Russia and are traditionally in the focus of attention of antitrust authority. In practice, the prosecution
of competition-restricting agreements is often problematic, given the diversity of their forms
and underdeveloped standards of proof. This, in turn, weakens the deterrent effect of antitrust
prohibitions.
The purpose of the article is to assess the role of the parameters of the auctions and standards of
proof applied in the Russian antitrust investigations which they play in opposition to the conclusion
of the competition-restricting agreements in competitive bidding. To achieve this goal in this study
we generalize the results of theoretical studies devoted to the analysis of collusion in auctions.
We also analyze the most common violations of the antitrust law by auction participants found in
the Russian practice. The case study method is used to identify the parameters of the auctions,
facilitating entering into competition-restricting agreements, as well as problematic issues related
to attracting bidders to justice for anti-competitive behaviour.
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Competitiveness of the territories |
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Within the publication relevance of carrying out the analysis of competitiveness of services of the
enterprises of restaurant and leisure-entertaining business is defined. The main changes of the
Russian market of restaurant and leisure and entertaining services caused by social and economic
features of development of the country are considered. The main tendencies of development of
the market of the considered services are defined. On the basis of the analysis of various approaches
to determination of competitiveness of the enterprises and services the author’s treatment
of the concept «competitiveness of services» was offered. In article types of the competition,
characteristic for the market of the enterprises of restaurant and leisure-entertaining business
are also considered. A number of the main approaches to an assessment of competitiveness of
services is presented, for each of which the main requirements are allocated. By reasoning and
by means of intermediate findings of studies underline the relevance and practical importance of
strategic planning, taking into account environmental factors, as well as the introduction of a set of
measures aimed at improving the competitiveness of enterprises catering and leisure and entertainment
business to meet the needs and goals of stakeholders.
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In the article the author reviews the main aspects that outline the competitiveness of the developed
and the developing economies in the international market. The main indicator of competitiveness
used is the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) published annually in the «Global Competitiveness
Report» by the World Economic Forum. The authors of the «Global Competitiveness Report»
define a more competitive economy as one that is likely to grow faster over time.
The author reviews a number of papers written by Russian-speaking researchers on similar subject.
Detailed analysis of the integrative sub-indices of the GCI is followed by an attempt to articulate
common key factors for competitiveness of different sub-groups of the developed and the developing
economies. The author attempts to describe common features for every newly outlined
sub-group.
As a result of such analysis the author attempts to articulate the common factors that define the
position of a certain economy in the GCI rating.
The author attempts to define the position of the Russian economy in the index and the main determinant
factors for its competitiveness.
Global Competitiveness Report, Global Competitiveness Index, International Competitiveness,
Developed Economies, Developing Economies, the Economy of Russia, innovation-driven factors
of development.
The author defines a separate category of economies: small resource-lacking countries. These
countries have managed to develop their economies despite lack in resources and their small
sizes (in terms of market and population). Israel being one of such economies deserves special
attention.
On the basis of modern concepts of «the knowledge economy» and the process of knowledge
accumulation (being an important process to spur the competitiveness of an economy) the author
analyzes Israeli experience.
The analysis is focused on the activities of the Chief Scientist’s Offices that operates within the
Ministry of Economy of Israel. The project initiated by the Office contributed to the growth of the
innovation potential in Israel during the last decades.
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