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This article concerns concept of competition between municipalities, in which competitive advantage,
competitive activity and competitive relations are defined. Internal resources of a municipality
are estimated within theory of competition. Most important amongst functions of competition between
municipalities are described. Main competitive advantages of municipality and connection
to its social development are researched. Typical state of municipal finance in Nizhegorodskaya
oblast’ is analyzed, use of internal resources towards achieving additional competitive advantage
are estimated. Regularities of income distribution and expenses paid by municipality for different
population are discovered. Subset of municipalities is selected from all municipalities of Nizhegorodskaya
oblast’. Trend of relationship between municipal earnings and spending is discovered. A set
of proposals on modification of tax system, aimed at reduction of dotation as an instrument of forming
possibilities of increasing municipal competitiveness is reviewed. Practices, utilizing internal reserves
for enhancing quality of open auctions are proposed. Practice of outsourcing social services
via open auctions under fiscal stress is explored. Estimation of visible budget economy and contract
break risks from the competitive advantage point of view, are carried out, regularities of contract
execution (or failure thereof) are discovered.
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The article describes trends of import substitution on the market of agricultural machinery of Russia.
The basic directions of development of the market of agricultural machinery as a key element of
the organizational-economic mechanism of technical modernization of the agricultural sector. Evaluated
the current economic and political situation and the necessity to provide import substitution in
the agricultural machinery market as a key factor in ensuring food security of the country as a whole.
Proved prospects of technical and technological modernization of agriculture of Russia in the framework
of the state program of development of agriculture and regulation of markets of agricultural
products, raw materials and food for 2013 – 2020, subject to the conditions of the WTO and integration
into the EEU. Estimation of the prospects of introduction of protective customs measures or the
recycling fee for agricultural machinery, as a factor reducing effective demand for it. Assessing the
prospects of changes in the value of technology and on the background of negative dynamics of the
rouble exchange rate. An important aspect is the fact that a number of market niches on the market
are not closed by Russian producers (harvesters for harvesting of tubers, tuber crops, cabbage in
Russia is not made). Presented market competitive advantages of the Russian market of equipment,
which is characterized by high capacity.
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Pricing and investment strategies on two-sided markets are significantly affected by the presence
of cross-network effects between the two sides of the platform. In order to maximize profit platform
internalizes positive externalities and expands the scale of transactions by making decisions about
the level and structure of prices for different groups of consumers. Adjusting the structure of rates,
established by platform for various parties, can be considered as a mechanism to internalize crossnetwork
effect. The concept of two-sided markets drew attention to the problem of using the traditional
one-sided logic on two-sided market, but the problem may also be in too broad interpretation
of the two-sided markets concept and the use of two-sided logic in the traditional one-sided markets.
Two-sided markets features impose certain restrictions and require new approaches in terms of
economic analysis for the purposes of the application of antitrust laws. The paper is carried out to
compare different approaches to defining the platform as an object of study, as well as an attempt
to relate the concept of two-sided markets with traditional concepts of the theory of externalities and
third degree price discrimination.
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Law on Protection of Competition prohibits economic entities from setting the monopolistic high
price of goods. Studying this offense we should identify the dominant position of economic entities
functioning in the markets and prove the constitution of the monopolistic high price of goods.
Proving this offense we should use two criteria: comparative and costly. Comparative criterion let
us analyze the actions of the economic entities in the monopolistic market and in the competitive
market and determine the «fair» price of goods and the installed rate of profit taking into account the
conditions of the goods’ competition that we could consider as «fair» for the monopolistic market.
Using the costly criterion, we should set the price bigger than the amount of money that is necessary
for production and sale of this goods and the required rate of profit. It should be pointed out that the
absence of the comparable market in the competitive conditions does nоt mean the unfulfillment of
the costly criterion, but it shows its inapplicability to this market.
This article is devoted to research of the monopolistic high price of goods based on the analyses
of the theory of setting prices for companies with monopolistic power and an amount of practical
materials on this subject. The results of the research are the suggested methodological aspects
that are necessary to follow analyzing the signs of the facts of the monopolistic high price of goods.
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The article considers the problem of determining the basic concepts of the theory of entrepreneurship.
With the help of a comparative analysis of definitions of the term «entrepreneur» made classics
of the economic, sociological and psychological science, they identify the distinctive features of the
entrepreneur from other business people. With the help of the entrepreneur lifecycle model these
distinctive features are summarized in a single system and provides a more precise definition of the
concept of «entrepreneur». It has been shown that as a result of the refinement of a fundamentally
new conceptual apparatus of enterprise many of the phenomena of business theory are easily explainable.
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Most often the notion of «image» is associated with the creation of an artificial image that does
not correspond to the internal content. But within the framework of this research the unity of the
external image of the employment market and the internal environment of the employer is a pillar of
success in creating an HR-brand. This article discusses a newly introduced notion in Russia as the
employer brand. It is shown that having a strong HR-brand helps employers gain and retain a highly
competitive position in the employment market and allows efficient implementation of modern business
and HR-technology. It is noted that one of the key instruments of HR-branding is a promising
adequate employer brand proposition (EVP). Such proposition gives the company a clear competitive
advantage in terms of attracting and retaining talent. The article looks at the Russian and foreign
methodologies of ranking best employers. The paper also analyses the findings of the widely known
rankings of Russian employers. The conclusions have been drawn on the said findings. The study
enables to define competitive advantages of the companies with a strong HR-brand. The paper also
reveals the relationship between the employer brand and the factors which drive performance efficiency
and underpin competitiveness in the market.
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