Authors
Kudryavcev K.
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Degree
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PhD in Economics, Associate Professor |
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E-mail
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KudryavcevKA@volgatech.net |
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Location
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Yoshkar-Ola |
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Articles
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Methodical questions about the order of analyzing the condition of the competition at the commodity marketOne of the main goals of Federal antimonopoly service in Russia is the protection of the commodity markets against noncompetitive actions of the managing subjects occupying a leading position. The question, whether it is necessary to analyzing the commodity market, or it is possible to make changes into the Register of the managing subjects occupying a leading position by a determined coincidence, arises often in a practice. This article is devoted to research of the legality to change the Register by reorganization of legal entities. Read more...Methodological aspects of research of concerted actionsWith the development of market relations in the commodity markets in the fight for better positions between entities frequently observed behavior, named in the Act on Protection of Competition as a concerted action. At the same Act defines a ban on concerted actions of economic entitiescompetitors, but does not give answers to a number of important issues related to research methodology as a concerted action, and their differences from the parallel conduct of tacit collusion. This article is devoted to solving a number of methodological issues that arise in practical work in the investigation and proof of the agreed actions.
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Government regulation — a factor of increasing competitiveness (for example, the commodity market of oil products)Petroleum product market today is characterized by a lack of transparent pricing, non-competitive activities of vertically integrated oil companies, leading to a reduction in the number of participants in wholesale and retail markets, and thus to further monopolize the market and the need to fulfill the demands placed on technical regulations for motor fuel. This article considers the state regulation, which acts as a factor in competitiveness and aimed at creating the conditions of functioning, independent of economic entities.
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Study economically unjustified price as a method of protection actors in commodity marketsThe actions of economic entities with dominant position in the markets, there is often a behavior is not explicitly named in the prohibitions contained in the Act on the Protection of Competition, but has all the signs of abuse. For example, when the same subject in a competitive environment in the markets set retail prices lower than under monopoly, and when in a competitive market with profits unit price may have a negative value, when unreasonable costs included in cost of goods, etc. This article is devoted to finding action monopoly beyond the exercise of civil rights in its business activities and its suppression by the proposed method.
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Methodological aspects of evidence of the economic unjustified establishment of a monopolist different prices for the same goodsEconomic entities with dominant position in the implementation of its product counterparties using
various approaches to pricing, often the price of goods is formed not on the basis of its costs
and necessary for the continued functioning of the company profits. These actions lead to the fact
that prices for the same goods are different for customers only exceptions are the conditions of a
public contract, according to which the prices of goods, works and services are set the same for
all consumers. The result of such actions on the wholesale market, will be the difference between
retail prices in retail chains, not to mention the level of purchase prices for budget organizations,
as an example in primary care from the manufacturer may be pricing, based on the technological
conditions of the sale of goods, when the actual complete list of registered costs. Consequently,
the entity — a monopolist in the sale of goods should be justified, the result of some factors is the
unequal position of some suppliers over others.
Due to the significant number of antitrust authorities to cancel the decision in arbitration this article
focuses on the development of methodological aspects of the evidence establishing a monopoly
economically unjustified different prices for the same goods.
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Methodological aspects of research of monopolistic high price of goodsLaw on Protection of Competition prohibits economic entities from setting the monopolistic high
price of goods. Studying this offense we should identify the dominant position of economic entities
functioning in the markets and prove the constitution of the monopolistic high price of goods.
Proving this offense we should use two criteria: comparative and costly. Comparative criterion let
us analyze the actions of the economic entities in the monopolistic market and in the competitive
market and determine the «fair» price of goods and the installed rate of profit taking into account the
conditions of the goods’ competition that we could consider as «fair» for the monopolistic market.
Using the costly criterion, we should set the price bigger than the amount of money that is necessary
for production and sale of this goods and the required rate of profit. It should be pointed out that the
absence of the comparable market in the competitive conditions does nоt mean the unfulfillment of
the costly criterion, but it shows its inapplicability to this market.
This article is devoted to research of the monopolistic high price of goods based on the analyses
of the theory of setting prices for companies with monopolistic power and an amount of practical
materials on this subject. The results of the research are the suggested methodological aspects
that are necessary to follow analyzing the signs of the facts of the monopolistic high price of goods.
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Expert calculation of regulated electricity tariffs as a consequence of violation of the order pricingElectricity tariffs are subject to government regulation. Consequently, strict adherence to the bodies
regulating this type of regulatory documentation activities in the formation of tariffs is a key factor.
For example, the calculation of flat-rate tariff for the supply of electric energy, approved in 2010.
Republican Tariff Service of the Republic of Mari El, did not meet the requirements of the Guidelines
for the calculation of regulated tariffs and prices for electric (thermal) energy in the retail (consumer)
market and result order establishing the tariff was canceled in court.
This fact was the basis for the treatment of some industrial enterprises of the Republic with a claim
to the arbitration court for the recovery of unjust enrichment. During the proceedings the court appointed
expertise.
This article reveals the results of the judicial review conducted by the author. The result of the study
are the findings by expert calculation of regulated tariffs for electricity supplied «to other consumers
of «Marienergosbyt», is calculated as the contractual energy supply and sale of electric energy.
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State failures in antitrust regulationThe article reveals the foundations of the concept of state antimonopoly regulation, it defines the
state’s failure in regulation. Based on the results of analysis of amendments introduced in the Law
on Protection of Competition, failures in state antimonopoly regulation were investigated. Using the
scenario approach in the analysis of the competitive environment, in cases of prohibited concerted
actions, it was proved it is necessary to determine the threshold values of the Herfindahl-Hirschman
concentration index, and do not take a share because their minimum size which was defined in
the Law on Protection of Competition does not speak of potential opportunities of economic entities
to restrict competition in the commodity market. Using the statistical method, it is proved that
the introduced criterion, requiring determination of the size of the revenues of economic entities
when establishing a dominant position, has lowered the quality of antimonopoly regulation, as many
organizations previously subject to antimonopoly control are excluded from regional commodity
markets. Conclusions about the failures in antimonopoly regulation and the shift in the balance of
interests between the state, business entities and consumers are also confirmed in the article by the
analysis of the dynamics of the number of initiated cases on violation of the antimonopoly legislation.
According to the results of the research, it is determined on which side the balance of interests
lies today in the model of antimonopoly regulation, the directions of further improvement of antimonopoly
regulation are revealed, and the characteristic of its modern phase is given.
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