Journal archive

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of competition in the domestic rocket and space industry. Special attention is paid to the multidirectional nature of the manifestations of competition in high-tech industries, in particular, the rocket and space sector. It is noted that competition in strategic areas is largely impractical when obtaining the final product, however, at the stage of pre-design, it can stimulate the adoption of the most effective decisions. The specifics of the domestic rocket and space industry are also analyzed. Based on the analysis of the domestic rocket and space market, judgments are made about the dominant corporate structure, when the functions of the main customer and consumer are performed by the state. It is noted that the rocket and space industry is one of those branches of the national economic and production system that makes a significant contribution to ensuring national security, therefore, it is much more important not so much competition between Russian manufacturers as the competitiveness of the entire industry on a global market scale. The characteristic of production relations between the enterprises of the industry is presented. The problems of the industry development are noted. Cooperation in the rocket and space industry makes it possible to neutralize many barriers and risks and ensure high dynamics of innovative development in the face of external constraints. The conclusion is made about the need and prospects for building cooperative ties of an intersectoral nature. It was also noted that the potential of intersectoral cooperation – cooperation between enterprises of the rocket and space sphere and “ground-based” branches of the national economy has not been fully disclosed.

The article is devoted to the study of the mechanisms for the formation of human resources at chemical industry enterprises using a targeted training system. The growing need for qualified specialists at industry enterprises indicates the need to use effective methods of personnel selection. The article substantiates the need to improve the existing targeted training system based on the analysis of statistical data for 2020–2024, demonstrating its low efficiency. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis, consisting of statistical processing of data on admission to targeted training in higher education institutions for 2019–2024, as well as a systemic analysis of the regulatory framework and existing research by the authors on this topic. In particular, the process of implementing the approach of targeted training of specialists for chemical industry enterprises was considered, because of which problems were identified that hinder its effective implementation. In accordance with the above, consideration of possible ways to improve the effectiveness of the targeted training system is an urgent scientific and practical task. The novelty of the study lies in the development of a mechanism for organizing multi-stage interaction between chemical enterprises and potential employees, considering the environmental aspects of working and living conditions. As a result of the study, a mechanism for targeted training was proposed, which provides for the creation of research and production centers at universities as a link between educational institutions and enterprises. It is noted that this approach provides an opportunity for step-by-step interaction of future specialists with working conditions at the enterprise and in the industry as a whole and creates conditions for the implementation of environmental innovations. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of scientific ideas about the organization of the process of targeted training, considering the specifics of the chemical industry. The practical value of the study is determined by the possibility of using the developed mechanism to improve the efficiency of personnel training in the industry using the advantages of targeted training, which will contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of chemical enterprises and the improvement of the industry.

The objectives of the article are to update, identify, and structure managerial and competitive issues in the agenda of scientific research on the activities of Russian entrepreneurs in fulfilling the professional function of ceasing entrepreneurial activity. Based on functional views on the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, the constructive theory of competition, and systemic ideas about intra-firm management, the author examines the functional aspects of finalizing participation in competition, the prerequisites and features of managing the exit of competing parties from the competitive race, typical signs of effective functional identity of finalists in the competitive race, strategies and tactical operations of finalizing participation in competition. Special objects of consideration include the strategy of exiting the ranks of full participants in the competitive race, the strategy of friendly accession to stronger competitors, key elements of operational interaction among actors in the competitive environment, including countering offensive initiatives of competitors intending to forcibly displace finalists from the fields of competition, influencing competitors, including strong integrators, ensuring non-interference of other competitors in the process of exiting the competitive race, and combining various competitive actions during the finalization of presence in the competitive environment. Tactical operations of full and partial exit from the competitive race, as well as the tactical operation of joining a strong integrator, are investigated. The behavioral motivation of weak integrators is studied. The functional elements of operators of activities aimed at successfully finalizing the participation of entrepreneurial entities in the competitive race are analyzed in detail.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the methodology for forecasting business processes in industry in the modern economic conditions formed as a result of the digitalization of the economy. Approaches to ensuring the competitiveness of industrial enterprises based on forecasting the development of business processes are analyzed. The article presents a detailed description of business processes in ensuring consistent business operations aimed at development and continuous improvement for their subsequent structuring in the integration interactions of economic entities. It is noted that as a result of the application of digital solutions, when forecasting business processes, it is possible to form a value chain in the field of material production according to business operations for the creation of products and within the framework of the provision of services. The level of competitiveness depends on the model of interaction between economic entities. And if earlier the most popular was the cluster model, reflecting the level of regional competitiveness, then with the advent of industrial ecosystems, a competitive advantage is formed due to the formation of effective economic relations in the context of ecosystem interaction that goes beyond the region. As a result of the conducted research, it is proposed to introduce a new concept of “ecosystem” advantage as an analogue of competitive advantage, the basis of which is the partnership of business entities, when participating enterprises receive greater returns from interaction through the integration of business processes in the ecosystem, which affects the increase in competitiveness and reduction of costs in the production of products. It is proposed to determine the integration processes for the main and supporting business processes of the set of industrial enterprises included in the industrial ecosystem when forecasting business processes in the conditions of ecosystem interaction, taking into account their role in the formation of competitive advantages. The results of the study reflected in the article will allow enterprises to determine the key development factors within the framework of the implemented strategy and priorities for increasing the competitiveness of industry, presented in national program documents.

The article presents the author’s justification for the need for professional entrepreneurial education. It is revealed that the legitimacy of entrepreneurship as a science and education requires terminology adequate to this area. It is proven that entrepreneurship is a professional activity based on special knowledge, skills and abilities that can be formed in the learning process. Specific entrepreneurial functions are defined, in which managerial functions, contrary to popular belief, are far from being the main ones. Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches to identifying entrepreneurial functions, controversial aspects of their formulation are identified and the author’s entrepreneurial cycle, including the functions and competencies of an entrepreneur, is substantiated. The opinions of scientists studying professional entrepreneurial education are given. The formulation of the functions and competencies of entrepreneurs in the interpretation of various authors is studied. The author’s formulation of entrepreneurial functions and competencies is substantiated. The work has theoretical significance, since it contributes to the theory of entrepreneurship. Practical significance is based on the possibility of using the author’s entrepreneurial cycle in the construction of educational programs for training entrepreneurs.

Within the framework of the publication the authors of the article defined the category of “commercial policy” and the conceptual thesaurus associated with it, summarized the basic legal requirements and recommendations of the Russian Federal Antimonopoly Service for the development and implementation of commercial policies of companies operating in the pharmaceutical and medical device markets, including those with a dominant position. A set of explanations of the regulatory framework, law enforcement practice in relation to manufacturers of medicines is presented, the most significant provisions of the Recommendations of the Federal Antimonopoly Service and the Code of Pharmaceutical Market Participants are systematized and highlighted. Based on the conducted research, which includes an audit of regulatory documents of pharmaceutical companies, systematization of data on the applied criteria for selecting and evaluating counterparties, economically sound recommendations are proposed on the hierarchy of requirements applied to counterparties in the pharmaceutical drugs and medical products market. A methodology for evaluating potential partners and existing counterparties has been developed and tested, which ensures non-discriminatory access to the market for participants, transparency and legitimacy of the decision-making procedure on the conclusion or termination of supply contracts. The structural and dynamic analysis of incentive payments made it possible to identify approaches to the formation of a fair and competitive system of discounts and incentive instruments.

Inflation is a serious problem for the Russian economy. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in the current circumstances, achieving low rates of price growth by setting and maintaining an extremely high key rate does not seem possible, since in addition to some impact on demand, it greatly restrains the possibility of increasing the supply of goods in the quality and volume required by corporate and retail buyers. The lack of such supply is the real cause of inflation. The article substantiates the need to bring the key rate to the level of real inflation. It is proposed to economically motivate commercial banks to tighten consumer lending and develop corporate lending through macroprudential regulation of their activities, setting higher requirements for consumer loans and more incentive terms for loans to those producers of capital and consumer goods that can compete with the corresponding imports in price/quality terms. As a result, individuals will be motivated to consume more consciously and financially justified, and that part of the Russian industry that is capable of producing competitive products and supplying them to the domestic market will receive powerful credit support, that is absolutely necessary to facilitate the structural restructuring of the economy. At the same time, it is not proposed to change the credit risk assessment system of commercial banks.

The study was conducted on the basis of the Crimean region, using the example of the tourism industry, since this territorial region is an important and sought-after tourist destination in Russia. Research subject: methods and approaches to assessing the resource potential of the industry in the region, as well as the impact of these methods on the formation and implementation of competitive advantages of the region. The object of the research is the resource potential of the industry in the region and the mechanisms for its assessment and use. Objective: to analyze methodological approaches to assessing the resource potential of the industry in the region, with an emphasis on identifying and developing competitive advantages. Main methods: multi-criteria analysis and multi-criteria decision-making, expert. From the perspective of further creating an optimal strategy for the competitive advantages of the region, the concept is unified and the properties of the concept of “resource potential of tourism in the region” are defined, as well as the correlation of the resource potential of tourism in the region, tourist attraction and regional tourist destination is explained. Based on this concept, the domestic methods of its assessment and their comparative characteristics used in the practice of competitive advantage are presented. It is revealed that the inventory and a set of indicators reflecting the competitive advantages of the state and use of tourist infrastructure and the resource potential of regional tourism, leads to the possibility of assessing this potential in terms of competition. To improve the management of the development of the resource potential of the industry in the region, develop tourism infrastructure and minimize competition between local and neighboring municipalities, companies should be encouraged to work together with regional administrations. This will create synergies and attract tourists interested in visiting neighboring regions. The conclusions and suggestions obtained can be used in practice to develop a set of specific recommendations and a plan for the development of tourist destinations based on increasing the efficiency of using the resource potential of tourism in the region. The theory of the issue suggests further developments in this field of knowledge for the development of the theory of competitive advantages in the differentiated assessment of the resource potential of the industry in the region.

Инфляция представляет собой серьезную проблему для экономики России. В результате исследования автор приходит к выводу, что в текущих обстоятельствах достижение низких темпов роста цен установлением и поддержанием сверхвысокой ключевой ставки не представляется возможным, так как помимо некоторого влияния на спрос она сильно сдерживает возможности увеличения товарного предложения по требуемым корпоративными и розничными покупателями качеству и объему. Нехватка такого предложения и является реальной причиной инфляции. В статье обосновывается необходимость приведения ключевой ставки к уровню реальной инфляции. Предлагается экономически мотивировать коммерческие банки ужесточать потребительское и развивать корпоративное кредитование через макропруденциальное регулирование их деятельности, устанавливая более высокие требования по потребительским ссудам и более поощрительные условия по займам тем производителям средств производства и потребительских товаров, которые по соотношению «цена – качество» могут конкурировать с соответствующим импортом. В результате физические лица будут мотивироваться к более осознанному и финансово обоснованному потреблению, а та часть российской промышленности, которая способна производить конкурентные продукты и поставлять их на внутренний рынок, получит мощную кредитную поддержку, которая абсолютно необходима для содействия структурной перестройке экономики. При этом не предлагается изменять систему оценки кредитных рисков коммерческих банков.

Инфляция представляет собой серьезную проблему для экономики России. В результате исследования автор приходит к выводу, что в текущих обстоятельствах достижение низких темпов роста цен установлением и поддержанием сверхвысокой ключевой ставки не представляется возможным, так как помимо некоторого влияния на спрос она сильно сдерживает возможности увеличения товарного предложения по требуемым корпоративными и розничными покупателями качеству и объему. Нехватка такого предложения и является реальной причиной инфляции. В статье обосновывается необходимость приведения ключевой ставки к уровню реальной инфляции. Предлагается экономически мотивировать коммерческие банки ужесточать потребительское и развивать корпоративное кредитование через макропруденциальное регулирование их деятельности, устанавливая более высокие требования по потребительским ссудам и более поощрительные условия по займам тем производителям средств производства и потребительских товаров, которые по соотношению «цена – качество» могут конкурировать с соответствующим импортом. В результате физические лица будут мотивироваться к более осознанному и финансово обоснованному потреблению, а та часть российской промышленности, которая способна производить конкурентные продукты и поставлять их на внутренний рынок, получит мощную кредитную поддержку, которая абсолютно необходима для содействия структурной перестройке экономики. При этом не предлагается изменять систему оценки кредитных рисков коммерческих банков.