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Journal archive

№6(96) December 2023 year

Content:

Antitrust regulation

Author: I. Knyazeva

The proposed article reflects a methodological description and specific proposals for the content of certain provisions of the Procedure for analyzing the state of competition in the commodity market, approved in accordance with Order No. 220 of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia dated April 28, 2010 in connection with a set of changes related primarily to digital markets. The article presents a brief historical content of changes and transformations of methods for analyzing commodity markets for the purposes of antitrust enforcement, which shows the need for important additions and modernization of the Order 220, both in relation to digital markets and updating concepts and categories of the general outline of commodity market analysis. Special attention is paid to the fact that the instrumental disclosure of the concepts of “decisive influence” and “network effect” are the most important narrative of the regulatory axis in the digital agenda. The article proposes a matrix of variability of research tools for analyzing the relevant market (classical and digital), since significant transformations of the classical market paradigm in the context of expanding digitalization of public and economic life imply a change in research tools for assessing the state of the competitive environment. Given that different types of online platforms compete on the basis of different quality parameters, a description of the SSNDQ test is presented, which may become the main argument for the possibility of switching platform users and its inclusion in the Order of 220 is possible. For the first time in scientific research content, the author’s vision of instrumental assessments of network effects and signs of dominance of digital platforms is systematically reflected, indicators for analyzing the consequences and strength of the network effect are systematized. Four complex groups of indicators are proposed to assess the consequences and strength of the network effect, and their meaningful content is reflected.

The practice of entrepreneurship in a competitive environment

The term “collaboration” as an economic concept is not yet widely used in Russian management theory and practice. However, anything new or relatively new requires exploration, understanding, and presentation in scientific works to contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge. In our view, collaboration, although well-known abroad, has not yet found its rightful place in the Russian management tradition. The semantic content of the definition of collaboration needs clarification, as the term is often equated with partnership, cooperation, and other similar concepts. The term may even be negatively perceived due to its association with the word “collaborationism”, which is not a correct identification. Moreover, a literal translation of this term from English does not convey the full meaning inherent in the concept. The character of collaboration institutionalization is an important aspect of recognizing it as an economic system, both through the lens of managerial decisions and joint value creation. Equally important is the distinction between formal and informal collaboration, as well as the consideration and study of the collaboration lifecycle in combination with the duality of its purpose. This article aims to fill this gap. In the RINC (elibrary.ru), 610 publications were found using the keyword “collaboration” (accessed on 01.11.2023) in the field of 06.00.00 “Economics. Economic Sciences”.

The subject of the article is the study of production structures consisting of a set of independent firms (enterprises interacting with each other through the supply of products through horizontal and vertical links in a single production and technological chain. It is assumed that firms at different levels of the chain not only supply components up, but also sell them on the market, organizing interaction with wholesale buyers. The mechanism of interaction takes into account economic interests, the demand for the company’s products in the market and reflects the situation of equilibrium. The scientific novelty of the study is the deepening of the methodological basis for describing the interaction of participants in the technological chain using matrix modeling based on the principles of constructing matrices of intersectoral balance. Such characteristics of firms and the system as a whole as: final product, gross product, resource volumes are considered. On the basis of the obtained final formulas, the dependences of the economic characteristics of the activity of firms and the system as a whole on the decrease (increase) in prices for resources, on changes in demand are established. The proposed approach to determining the final product of the system seems to be quite reasonable: firstly, the output volumes of the system are linked through the interaction of the manufacturer and seller, taking into account market demand, and, secondly, the volume of sales reflects the economic interests of the parties. The ratio “the price of products on the market – the volume of supply” becomes justified on the part of the demand function (the end consumer), the seller and the manufacturer of products. Such an optimization approach to determining the results of interaction promptly takes into account changes in the market environment and adjusts the performance indicators of participants in the direction of their consistency, which makes it possible to increase the stability of the system. It is established that when the market situation worsens as a result of rising prices for factors of production or a reduction in effective demand, there is a percentage decrease in final output in value terms, but the rate of its reduction is lower. The case of a decrease in demand has a more negative impact on the economy of the firm and the entire system. Thus, the growth rates of the economy and the well-being of the population are determined by the efficiency of complex hierarchical structures with horizontal and vertical relationships.

Author: O. Osipenko

The work examines important aspects of the organizational constitution of the priority of corporate conflict management at Synergy University. The author emphasizes that the creation of the Center for Corporate Conflictology at the University is a landmark event, marking the transition to a new stage in the development of this branch of science. The article analyzes in detail the goals and objectives of corporate conflictology, including analytical design and scientific and applied demonstration of realistic representations of agents of investment practice and business processes. The work proposes a thematic plan for a course in corporate conflictology for business owners, developed by the author, designed for 80 academic hours. The author also discusses methods of teaching and implementing a corporate conflictology course into the educational process, including the use of case-study and interdisciplinary research. The author postulates that corporate conflictology and corporate governance in general are based on a wide cycle of knowledge covering various industries. Thus, the article emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and knowledge exchange in the field of corporate conflict management. At the same time, the work describes two types of ensuring the interdisciplinarity of the field of knowledge: 1) a mechanistic, textbook approach with episodic and systematic “mutual information” of related subjects; 2) a truly integration approach with theoretical and methodological work on the unification of interpretations and “mutual integration” of knowledge. It is emphasized that for the current stage of development of corporate conflictology, the path of mutual integration of knowledge rather than mutual information is more effective. This justifies the importance of unified interpretations and processes of mutual integration of knowledge for the development of corporate conflictology. An interdisciplinary approach helps students develop the comprehensive knowledge and skills necessary to work in the field of conflict management in a corporate environment. The author calls for testing this methodology in educational institutions in order to enrich the educational process and prepare students for real challenges in the field of corporate conflict management. The author highlights the challenges and problems faced by supporters of the development of corporate conflictology, and also analyzes criticism of this branch of science. In conclusion, the importance of developing corporate conflictology and its potential contribution to the understanding and management of corporate conflicts is emphasized.

Scientific life

The seminar is devoted to alternative legal ways in enhance competition policy enforcement towards large digital platforms and their ecosystems. Effects-based, or rule of reason competition enforcement that requires case-specific economic analysis shows limited effectiveness due to excessively lengthy decision-making process, which is not always compensated by the decrease of legal errors. The presentation of Professor Y. Katsoulacos (Emeritus Professor, Athens University of Economics and Business, Affiliated Chair Professor, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics (JUFE), former Commissioner of the Hellenic Competition Commission, Chair of Scientific Committee and Coordinator of Competition and Regulation European Summer School and Conference CRESSE www.cresse.info), classifies the main approaches to reform in terms of changing the substantive standard of competition law, the legal standard, reallocation the burden of proof in competition cases, as well as in terms of the choice between ex ante regulation and ex post law enforcement.

Knowledge management

The article discusses methodological approaches to the formation of entrepreneurial competencies in the field of social entrepreneurship. It is proved that the choice of educational content and the focus of studying the features of management in social entrepreneurship depends on the level of training and learning goals of certain categories of students. The approaches to the design of practical classes and materials for the current monitoring of students’ academic performance at various levels of professional educational programs are presented. Examples of tasks and workshops are considered, differing in content, volume, complexity, methods and techniques that are used in the process of teaching social entrepreneurship at IFPU Synergy. The authors confirm the expediency of a differentiated approach to the organization of the process of teaching social entrepreneurship to students in college (SPE), bachelor’s degree (specialty) in the field of Entrepreneurship and in the system of additional training in the business accelerator.

Competitive environment

The global sports industry is today a large sector of the global economy, which is dynamically developing in the face of competition from numerous sports organizations, as well as various business representatives and popular media. The article analyzes the main products of the sports industry (a sports event and a sports and wellness service), gives a general real picture of the sports industry market, taking into account both various manufacturers and consumers of these products. Each product of the sports industry has its own characteristics, taking into account the development of various segments of the industry (professional and mass sports, youth sports and fitness industries). Within the framework of the conducted research, specific elements of the competitive strategy of various manufacturers of the sports industry have been identified, taking into account the characteristics of the products of this industry. The authors note the emergence of digital sports (e-sports, sports programming, fidgital sports, etc.), which significantly affects the competition of the sports events market. Competition in the sports and wellness services market is associated with the development of entrepreneurial activity in mass and youth sports, as well as in the fitness industry. The article shows how competition in the sports industry is developing today, how the competitive environment is being formed and for which products consumers of the industry are competing. The presented article shows the level of development of the competitive environment in the sports industry.

The relevance of the study lies in the need to implement competitive intelligence processes in an organization in view of the constantly growing level of competition in order to ensure economic stability. Currently, in the scientific literature, there are no clear recommendations for organizing these processes, and the proposed models of traditional organizational structures have a number of disadvantages. At the same time, it is important to remove a large number of factors that influence the decision to create a full-time competitive intelligence unit, such as company size, financial capabilities and the level of industry competition. The purpose of the study is to characterize existing models of organizing processes for conducting competitive intelligence and propose our own approach to the implementation of these processes. The main task is to develop a model for organizing competitive intelligence activities. The article pays special attention to the analysis of the relationship between the frequency of competitive intelligence and the results of the operating activities of organizations, and draws conclusions about the main problems of introducing the practice of conducting competitive intelligence at the present stage. During the study, general scientific methods were used, such as analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result of the study, information on available approaches to the implementation of competitive intelligence processes is summarized and their characteristics are given, a model for organizing competitive intelligence activities using the scrum method and an automated platform for collecting information about the external and internal environment is proposed.

The relevance of the study is due to the high share of expenditures on state and municipal procurement in the structure of Russia’s GDP, on the one hand, and the need to improve the quality of monitoring of competition parameters in the public procurement market, on the other hand. The information systems and service solutions currently available on the IT market provide such an opportunity, which, according to the author, is not sufficiently used in the public sector at present. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the modern methodology for monitoring competition in the public procurement market, relevant to the level of scientific and technological development of computing power and infrastructure. The scientific novelty lies in the formation of a system for qualitative assessment of competition in the procurement market, based on the analysis of previously unused sections of information, allowing industry regulators to quickly receive signals about the presence of cartels and other forms of violation of competition. The problem solved in the article is aimed at improving support for procurement regulatory bodies to make management decisions regarding the ongoing territorial and sectoral policies, taking into account their material, technical and personnel support. To achieve this task, the results of previous studies of teams with the participation of the author are generalized and aggregated into a single two-level methodology, presented in the form of scientific and methodological recommendations for implementation by authorities. At the first level, the methodology can be applied by regional authorized bodies in the field of procurement and does not require special software; it is based on the use of a competition map implemented in Excel (any tabular database can be used). Second-level methods are focused on use by large analytical centers and divisions, are based on high-level visualization, and clearly “highlight” market anomalies. The introduction of such a methodology will increase the awareness of authorities about the situation in the context of regions and industries, identify or predict the occurrence of various anomalies, and improve the quality of work in countering cartel agreements.