Journal archive
Industry market |
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The main objective of research was analysis of fitness market in Russian for definition dominant
trends in industry in the country; to forecast of market future; to indentify the main problems of
fitness; to field of competition activity of the organizations and in results of this analysis to make
recommendations for service providers in the market. Fore that objectives were analyzed: history
of development of fitness in Russia and abroad; position of the industry in different countries and
Russia in our time; the main problems affecting suppliers and consumers in the provision of services
in the country, identified by dint of own observations while working in the industry and by evaluating
different sources of information, such as articles in newspapers and magazines, interview various
experts, research affecting the industry in science magazines and journals; scientific works of different
authors, affecting both the fitness industry, and marketing services in general. The thus-obtained
information allowed to predict the near future fitness in the country and to identify the steps, the
adoption of which is necessary for the further development of the industry. As a result of research
concluded that in general the country is taken insufficient action on the part of market participants,
which would withdraw the industry out of stagnation, note today. As a result have been proposed
actions, the use of which by the supplier will contribute to further development of the sector and the
involvement of a larger number of consumers.
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The article deals with the state of affairs in the Russian machine-building complex. Noted occurring
low product quality problems, low innovation activity, high cost of production and lack of efficiency.
In this regard, given that the Russian engineering products insufficiently competitive, and its
exports account for a small part in the country’s export value. According to the author, the financial
policy of Russia in the field of engineering formed from the standpoint of business and not from the
point of view of governance, as evidenced by the priorities of funding in the domestic mechanical
engineering given in the publication. The retrospective study of changes in the machinery of the
Irkutsk region, beginning with the 1990s. It is shown that during the analyzed period, the industry
has suffered significant losses. It was determined that in the field of machine-building complex of
the number of survivors have formed three main groups of companies: successfully fit into the current
realities of the market and confident working; resist in difficult market conditions and steadily
increasing production; repeatedly cut production, with few prospects of recovery from the crisis.
Named the main obstacles to improving the competitiveness of the Russian mechanical engineering
as a whole and the Irkutsk region in particular — a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets, low
productivity, high material and energy intensity, lack of modern equipment, inadequate staffing and
financial-economic opportunities, etc.. The author formulated proposals that will save the survivors
of the enterprise engineering and help them to work steadily — carrying out technological upgrading
of enterprises, improving the financing and development of the internal market of engineering
products. Presented are two ways to the development of machine-building complex: innovation and
energy and raw materials.
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Tourism market is considered as one of the most prospect segments of economy in the majority
of countries. Russia also has a great potential for the development of the tourism where the lodging
market is the key factor for success. At the moment one of the major problems of national accommodation
segment is low quality of hotel service that doesn’t satisfy world quality standards. The
authors of the manuscript made an analysis of the Russian lodging market that allowed evaluating
its current state. Another goal was to identify the factors influencing the problem of disconformity of
national hotel services to world quality standards. The following problem factors were found: geographically
unbalanced structure of the Russian lodging market, the prevalence of non-classified
places of accommodation, outdated hotel rooms, shortage of qualified staff, low presence of hotel
chains, as well as additional services/facilities and implemented innovations, and, finally, low availability
of hotel services for special tourist categories. The data about Russian market was compared
to the data from the US lodging market which applies the best practices in providing hotel services
of world quality standards. On the basis of the research made the authors suggested recommendations
of solving the identified problems.
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Entrepreneurship theory |
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The paper presents the results of research entrepreneurial risk in the activity of subjects small
and medium entrepreneurship. As the information base used data of Federal service of state statistic
and Federal tax service. Proposed indicators and methodology for assessing current levels
of risk in different sectors and regions of the Russian Federation. Made the calculations of acceptable
and critical risks of pools small and medium enterprises, specialized on the 13 main types of
economic activity. Developed economic-mathematical models describing patterns of differentiation
catastrophic risk on entrepreneurial structures located in the regions of the country. Identified types
of economic activity of high and low values the level of acceptable and critical risk. It is shown that
the current level of catastrophic risk in the activity of individual entrepreneurs is significantly higher
in comparison with law enterprises. Given the lists of regions with high and low levels of catastrophic
risk in the activities of entrepreneurial structures. Considered a comparative analysis of the average
values of catastrophic risk in Russia and abroad. Scientific novelty of the research associated with
the development of methods and procedures for assessment of levels entrepreneurial risks proposed
criteria for classifying activities of entrepreneurial structures for three levels of risk, rationale
for the estimates and the present values characterizing admissible, critical and catastrophic levels of
risk. The obtained results will be useful to begging entrepreneurs to assess the risks that may arise
in the course of activity. The results of the research can be used to develop business development
strategies in different regions and sectors of the national economy.
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Today ecological entrepreneurship investigations are at the stage of the theory emerging, the
majority of aspects and concepts are debatable, common opinions and generally recognized conceptual
ideas are not available. One of the disputable aspects is understanding the meaning and
the backgrounds of the ecological entrepreneurship initiation as well as the theoretical underpinning
used for this purpose. The objective of this article is to analyze the academic literature on the
ecological entrepreneurship to identify and generalize the applied theoretical concepts explaining
the meaning and the backgrounds of the ecological entrepreneurship initiation. The article consists
of six parts. The first part covers the principal theoretical concepts applied in the Russian and
English language literatures to define the backgrounds of the ecological entrepreneurship initiation
and development. The other four parts are devoted to more detailed consideration of the concepts
mentioned in the first part. Conclusions on the results of the analysis and the suggestions for future
investigations are described in the last part. The analysis of the ecological entrepreneurship theoretical
frameworks showed that the investigators used different theoretical concepts, such as the theory
of markets and states failures; the theory of the entrepreneurial potential; the concept of ecological
updating; the innovation theory; the concept of the sustainable development; the theory of economic
development on the basis of demands. Irrespective of the variety of the concepts applied, it can
be noted that they don’t contradict to each other and are often combined in various combinations.
It can be concluded that it is reasonable to apply the ecological entrepreneurship phenomenon of
all the above mentioned theoretical approaches and concepts in future investigations in various
combinations and to different extents.
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Deficiencies of the neoclassical interpretation of the firm and dissatisfaction with economists neoclassical
approach to understanding the nature of the firm in the market environment led to the appearance
and development of the institutional firm concepts associated with such names as Coase,
Williamson, Simons, Craps, Alchian, Demsetz, Hart, Holmstrom, Jensen, Milgrom, Meckling, Baker,
Gibbons, Murphy and others.
The Ronald Coase article named «The nature of the firm» and published in 1937, is constantly
in the spotlight a growing number of economists who study the essence of the company in various
aspects. It became the basis for the emergence in the 80s transactional theory and the theory of
incomplete contracts, long enough to study identifies the key trends of the firm. That in turn led to
an increase in the number of theoretical approaches that can be considered as a complement or
replacement depending on which question they try to answer.
In this article, in view of the existence of a fairly extensive number of works that were under the
influence of the two main approaches to the theory of the firm, as well as the widespread discussion
it seems reasonable to focus on the emergence of a completely new concept of the firm over the
past twenty years.
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Antitrust regulation |
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The problem of the boundaries of the commodity market is the central economic issue in most
antitrust investigations. Hypothetical monopolist test (abbreviated SSNIP) is considered to be a basic
reference method of solving this problem. There are various algorithms for solving the problem
about the boundaries of the product market on the basis of SSNIP. The regulatory algorithm of
SSNIP is established by the order of FAS of Russia dd. 28.04.2010, which regulates procedure
of analysis of the status of competition in the product market. In practice, the regulatory algorithm
of SSNIP turns out to be complicated and costly even for a small number of the studied products.
Another drawback of the regulatory algorithm of SSNIP — its ambiguity, the blur and the lack of numerical
examples demonstrating the transition from initial data to the configuration of the boundaries
of the market. This allows in some cases based on the same raw data to form mutually exclusive
boundaries of the commodity market which proves to be a source of significant business risks in the
practice of antitrust regulation. The paper proposes a modified algorithm of SSNIP to eliminate the
main shortcomings of the regulatory algorithm of SSNIP. Namely, to reduce significantly the volume
of data requested from respondents, and to prenest a transition from the raw data to the configuration
of the boundaries of the market in a compact and transparent table. In the course of formation
and processing of the raw data the modified algorithm of SSNIP provides the following distribution
of responsibilities between the regulator and the participants of the survey. The regulator generates
and delivers to the participants of the survey a list of pairs of goods that are subject to comparison in
terms of their substitutability; provides the list of customers and list of vendors involved in the survey;
processes the raw data received and presents the results in a standardized tabular form. The survey
participants provide in a standardized format raw data for actual and hypothetical sales volumes for
each pair of matched products as well as data on price and cost of goods in respect of which an
antitrust investigation is conducted. The article presents illustrative numerical examples which allows
one to compare normative SSNIP algorithm and proposed modified algorithm of SSNIP.
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This article considers the anticompetitive activities of public authorities, are considered the causes
and consequences of its implementation. Analyzed antitrust practice and tools, prohibiting anticompetitive
behavior. The conclusion is drawn that anti-monopoly regulation can be considered as risk
which authorities in case of implementation of the assigned functions and powers need to consider.
Designed and proposed to introduce an additional tool to minimize the number of factors associated
with negative influence of authorities on competition.
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International competition |
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Japan’s economy for more than two decades suffers stagnation. This is the reaction of the national
institutional system to the changing conditions in the global economy. At the time, economic model
created in Japan was dramatically different from the Western ones, this is due to national traditions
and historical background of the country. In the article the author compares the characteristics of
the Japanese model with its Western analogues on the most important features. Institutional features
of the economic activity in Japan in the past were the driving forces of the «economic miracle» and
formation of the innovative economy. However, the evolving process of globalization has led to
dramatic changes in the economic environment, and high adaptive qualities of the Japanese model
ceased to work. The reforms undertaken by the government of Japan, aimed at creating the new
model of national economy, different from that which was created during the catch-up development
period in the history of the country. The article highlights the main directions of modernization of
the Japanese economy, the basic parts of the New strategy of economic growth generated by the
government. Significant changes occur in relation to the more openness of the economy towards
greater foreign business presence in domestic markets of the country.
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Сompetitiveness of the personnel |
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Ensuring a high level of education funding is an important priority for the development of innovative
economy. This article is about a new financial instrument, which is called Income Share Agreement
(ISA).
According to ISA the investor transferring funds to an individual in exchange for a fixed percentage
of his/her future income for a fixed period of time. ISA is an alternative to the traditional student
loan. Unlike the loan, students may pay more or less than the amount financed or even not to repay
at all. A payment would depend on their salary after education. ISA provides strong protection for
the students, because the part of risk transfers from the student to investors. The investor diversifies
his risk building investment ISA-portfolio. Moreover investors have strong incentives to support the
students via advising, mentoring and to help them to build career. He can lose a bit of funds in some
ISA-projects, but more often he will hit a jackpot. This article discusses some of the most significant
ISA-projects: MyRichUncle, Lumni, IBR Swap, 13th Avenue Funding and et al. These ISA-projects
have different types of financial models, but all of them are referred to Income Share Contracts.
We compare the current debt model and income-based alternatives, which has both advantages
and disadvantages.
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