Journal archive
Industry market |
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The paper analyzes the merger between three universities in Saint Petersburg. This merger is a result
of the processes taking place in the field of higher education in Russia. It includes consolidation
and reduction of some other universities, formation of federal universities, reduction of numerous
non-core specialties. As it is well known, the integration processes in oligopolistic markets are accompanied
with increasing concentration, and hence growing of market power. It results in a decline
in output, higher prices and higher profits of all firms in the industry. The merger of these universities
is not motivated by these economic incentives that need to be evaluated. The article aims to predict
the economic consequences of this merger within the framework of the commercial forms of education
for a bachelor’s degree. In particular, our analysis shows the forthcoming price growth due to
the low elasticity of demand for the higher education and other factors. The empirical analysis in the
paper is based on the method of merger simulation with the use of open data on the positions available
for entrants in the considered universities at Saint Petersburg.
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The article is devoted to the complex research of the competition conditions in Russian exhibition
branch on the basis of Porter-Downes’ model taking into account globalization, digitalization and deregulation
processes. The main content of the research consists of the estimates of the competitive forces
operating in Russian exhibition sector. The accruing threat for exhibitions from actions-substitutes,
alternative products and innovative technologies is characterized in detail. The considerable attention
is paid no the analysis of the threat proceeding from new «players» — network exhibition projects with
world famous brands which are initiated by foreign companies. Their competitive advantages and receptions
for getting in Russia are discussed. It is claimed that the reasons for suppliers market power
weakening are in essential expansion of Russian exhibition areas, and also in abundance of market
offers from providing enterprises to exhibition business. Among the proofs of participants market power
strengthening some evidences of exhibitors unity growth against their not redundancy as well as facts
of competent visitors number reduction are submitted. As one more competitive force Russian state is
considered. It is shown that in exhibition sector of Russia the intense competition takes place.
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The theory of competition |
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The author offers definition of the competitive status of a market participant, discloses notion
of the competitive environment and competitive forces. The author identifies the competitive status
of company as companies role in the innovative transformation of the market environment: innovator,
conformist, exploiter, niche actor.
The author consistently reveals the peculiarities of firms in competitive status as a leader, challenger
for the leadership, the middle peasants (the representative of the crowd), and the outsider.
Also author identifies the main features of the paired competitive dispositions of firms with different
competitive status.
Paper describes some tactical model, implemented by leader against challengers. The author
reveals content of the concept of «burden of leadership» and formulates «commandments» of the
leader and the challengers for the leadership.
The paper reveals the definition of the competitive status of market participants by comparison
competition in business and competition in nature (by A. Yudanov).The article also describes the
competitive status of the debutant, debutante types and formulates 10 rules of successful debut.
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The article investigates the behavior of heterogeneous firms associated with the production of
differentiated goods under conditions of monopolistic competition. Shows the importance of heterogeneous
firms in achieving equilibrium and social optimum. Great attention is paid to the consideration
of variable demand elasticity and endogenous heterogeneous firms. In the article, the various
aspects of the evaluation of models of market equilibrium monopolistic competition, and social optimum
(Pareto-optimum). The research is carried out through the consideration of issues such as: the
number of represented products; the adequacy of our products and their possible deficit; efficiency
of technology choice in the production of products; the optimal size of a monopolistic competitive
industries relative to the rest of the economy. In the conclusion summarizes the key findings.
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Entrepreneurship theory |
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The article considers the problem of determining the basic concepts of the theory of entrepreneurship.
With the help of a comparative analysis of definitions of the term «entrepreneur» made classics
of the economic, sociological and psychological science, they identify the distinctive features of the
entrepreneur from other business people. With the help of the entrepreneur lifecycle model these
distinctive features are summarized in a single system and provides a more precise definition of the
concept of «entrepreneur». It has been shown that as a result of the refinement of a fundamentally
new conceptual apparatus of enterprise many of the phenomena of business theory are easily explainable.
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Antitrust regulation |
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Law on Protection of Competition prohibits economic entities from setting the monopolistic high
price of goods. Studying this offense we should identify the dominant position of economic entities
functioning in the markets and prove the constitution of the monopolistic high price of goods.
Proving this offense we should use two criteria: comparative and costly. Comparative criterion let
us analyze the actions of the economic entities in the monopolistic market and in the competitive
market and determine the «fair» price of goods and the installed rate of profit taking into account the
conditions of the goods’ competition that we could consider as «fair» for the monopolistic market.
Using the costly criterion, we should set the price bigger than the amount of money that is necessary
for production and sale of this goods and the required rate of profit. It should be pointed out that the
absence of the comparable market in the competitive conditions does nоt mean the unfulfillment of
the costly criterion, but it shows its inapplicability to this market.
This article is devoted to research of the monopolistic high price of goods based on the analyses
of the theory of setting prices for companies with monopolistic power and an amount of practical
materials on this subject. The results of the research are the suggested methodological aspects
that are necessary to follow analyzing the signs of the facts of the monopolistic high price of goods.
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Pricing and investment strategies on two-sided markets are significantly affected by the presence
of cross-network effects between the two sides of the platform. In order to maximize profit platform
internalizes positive externalities and expands the scale of transactions by making decisions about
the level and structure of prices for different groups of consumers. Adjusting the structure of rates,
established by platform for various parties, can be considered as a mechanism to internalize crossnetwork
effect. The concept of two-sided markets drew attention to the problem of using the traditional
one-sided logic on two-sided market, but the problem may also be in too broad interpretation
of the two-sided markets concept and the use of two-sided logic in the traditional one-sided markets.
Two-sided markets features impose certain restrictions and require new approaches in terms of
economic analysis for the purposes of the application of antitrust laws. The paper is carried out to
compare different approaches to defining the platform as an object of study, as well as an attempt
to relate the concept of two-sided markets with traditional concepts of the theory of externalities and
third degree price discrimination.
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The competitiveness of firms |
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During 2008 crisis fixed capital investment in Russian economy dropped significantly: investments
in fixed prices slowed down by 15,6% between 2009 and 2008. For industrial enterprises decrease
was even large about 17,2%. While GDP in Russia in 2012 – 2015 surpassed pre-crisis level, fixed
capital investments are still remaining below pre-crisis level. Deterioration in fixed capital at the end
of 2014 almost reached 50%, while in 2000 it was only 40%, which requires large renewal of fixed
capital and demands rapid growth in investments. Thereby current level of investments in economy
is not sufficient not only for renewal of fixed capital, but also for maintaining capital on pre-crisis
levels. Such low-level investments of industrial companies can be explained by lag in investment
competitiveness between Russia and Western Europe countries. Based on EFIGE and IIMS data this
article dwells upon the analysis of manufacturing companies’ investment competitiveness in Western
European countries (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain and Italy) and Russia, including the
inter-state differences in the fixed capital investment financing structure. Investment competitiveness
is measures by investment to sales ratio. The discrepancies of the specific investment quotes
between small-, medium-, and large-sized businesses have been discovered by the simultaneous
equations system. Factors leading to investment incompetitiveness have been found and explained.
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Most often the notion of «image» is associated with the creation of an artificial image that does
not correspond to the internal content. But within the framework of this research the unity of the
external image of the employment market and the internal environment of the employer is a pillar of
success in creating an HR-brand. This article discusses a newly introduced notion in Russia as the
employer brand. It is shown that having a strong HR-brand helps employers gain and retain a highly
competitive position in the employment market and allows efficient implementation of modern business
and HR-technology. It is noted that one of the key instruments of HR-branding is a promising
adequate employer brand proposition (EVP). Such proposition gives the company a clear competitive
advantage in terms of attracting and retaining talent. The article looks at the Russian and foreign
methodologies of ranking best employers. The paper also analyses the findings of the widely known
rankings of Russian employers. The conclusions have been drawn on the said findings. The study
enables to define competitive advantages of the companies with a strong HR-brand. The paper also
reveals the relationship between the employer brand and the factors which drive performance efficiency
and underpin competitiveness in the market.
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