List articles
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№ 4(100)
31 august 2024 year
Rubric: Entrepreneurship practice Authors: Osipenko O. V., Kovalenko A. |
This paper provides a comprehensive study of the concept of lobbying of interests, covering both theoretical aspects and practical application of this term in the Russian judicial system. The study consists of two main stages: a comprehensive review of scientific literature on the topic of lobbying and a detailed analysis of court decisions of various instances of the Russian Federation, in which the term “lobbying” appears. The main goal of the study is to identify and compare interpretations of the concept of “lobbying” in scientific discourse and judicial practice. The authors seek to determine whether there are discrepancies between theoretical concepts and practical application of this term in the legal sphere. The review of scientific literature demonstrates duality in the understanding of lobbying. On the one hand, there is a positive interpretation, characterizing lobbying as an open, legal and informative process. On the other hand, there is a negative interpretation, associating lobbying with shadow, corrupt and illegal practices. The analysis of court decisions revealed a notable trend: in Russian judicial practice, the term “lobbying” is used exclusively in a negative context. This indicates a significant gap between the scientific understanding of lobbying and its perception in the legal system. Of particular interest is the expansion of the concept of lobbying in some court decisions discovered by the authors. In some cases, the term is applied not only to influencing government bodies, but also to attempts to influence decisions of commercial entities. This observation opens up new prospects for studying the evolution of the concept of lobbying as a business practice in the Russian legal field. This study makes a significant contribution to understanding the complexity and versatility of the concept of lobbying, emphasizing the need for further study of the discrepancies between theoretical approaches and the practical application of this concept in the legal sphere. The results of the work can serve as a basis for improving legislation in the field of regulating lobbying activities and increasing the transparency of decision-making processes in both the public and commercial sectors. Continue... |
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| The article focuses on a new approach to personality typology of people engaged in entrepreneurial activity. The sets of stable character manifestations and peculiar behavioral characteristics, inherent in four types of entrepreneur personality “a creative”, “an entrepreneur”, “a manager” and “an owner” are provided. The author introduces a strong correlation between the ability of entrepreneurs to generate new ideas, create, manage, own and run their business and a particular type of personality manifestation. The author claims all people engaged in economic activities to be entrepreneurs by definition. However, the diversity of entrepreneurial success suggests that this mass is far from homogeneous. Entrepreneurs differ significantly within their environment. The article substantiates the importance of differentiating the entrepreneur’s personality type according to the system proposed by the author, provides a detailed description of four personality types and their fundamental differences. The author emphasizes the existence of a certain set of personality characteristics that ensure the entrepreneurial activity success. The paper reveals a conceptual system of entrepreneurs’ differentiation by predominant personality type and aspects that allow to define it. This article will help “people of business” to self-identify – to determine a leading personality type, which will allow them to consciously manage their professional development. The presented personality typology also provides an opportunity to significantly improve the quality of educational programs for entrepreneurs. Continue... | |
| More and more new restrictions are being introduced against the Russian Federation – sectoral and financial sanctions, personal restrictions, new packages of sanctions are being prepared. The article attempts to show the hidden goals of the sanctions policy through a political and economic analysis of the states that initiated the sanctions policy. The analysis proves that the purpose of the sanctions is not only to weaken the Russian Federation economically, but also to poor the allies of the United States, as the initiator of the sanctions, in full accordance with the sanctions paradox of D. Drezner. Protectionism as an economic policy has become entrenched in the actions of the American administration, which can be observed in the processes of deindustrialization of Germany and the weakening of the economy of the European Union countries as a whole. It is important to note that the debt strategy adopted by the American authorities as an element of economic policy has deep historical roots and was proposed by J. M. Keynes to overcome the economic consequences of the war. The inability or unwillingness to abandon the debt strategy, as well as the rapid reduction in the possibilities of using internal sources of economic growth, dictates to the United States the need to ensure external sources of economic growth, where the forceful elimination of a competitor (the Russian Federation) from the European markets of energy products, fertilizers, agricultural raw materials and metals becomes the tip of the iceberg of the US sanctions policy, however, the underwater part of the iceberg remained hidden. This article is devoted to its exposure. The theoretical significance of the research is the description of the interdependence of sanctions policy and protectionism policy. Continue... | |
| The sphere of entrepreneurship during the pandemic and the introduction of sanctions suffered significantly; there was an outflow of personnel from business, which requires radical and effective work with personnel and employment in the labor market. The performance indicators of national projects and the work of government officials depend on the situation with employment in business, the creation of proper working conditions, increasing wages and attracting the population to entrepreneurship. The study made it possible to assess the state and trends in the development of entrepreneurship in the country, assess the competitive advantages of companies, and the employment situation. To conduct the research, methods of grouping, comparison, analysis, construction of time series, and methods of constructive discussion were used. As a result of analyzing data on the number of SMEs, the turnover of enterprises, employed workers, and wages, criteria were identified that provide competitive advantages to small and medium-sized businesses locally in terms of attractiveness for employment. The authors outline prospects for increasing the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses. The priorities of the formation and implementation of state policy are set, which should be aimed at improving the provisions of the national project in the field of development and support of SMEs. The increase in theoretical knowledge in the process of research is the development of scientific and methodological approaches to the analysis of the entrepreneurship market from the standpoint of assessing its competitiveness for the country’s economy. For practice, the significance of the study is that it allows us to formulate conclusions for improving the tools for supporting and developing SMEs in the future. Continue... | |
| The problems of developing professional competencies, training, retraining and advanced training of personnel are currently quite acute in the labor market in the Russian Federation. The article is devoted to assessing the competitiveness of graduates of educational institutions of higher education by analyzing the correspondence of competencies that are formed as a result of mastering educational programs of higher education and the requirements of the labor market. This study seems relevant in connection with the need to determine the directions of transformation of the Russian higher education system, caused by the global challenges of recent years and the higher education reform planned in 2023 by the President of the Russian Federation. Any changes in the education system should ultimately lead to an increase in the demand for graduates and their competitiveness in the labor market. The author reviewed studies of the competencies of the future and the skills most in demand in the labor market, as a result of which the most relevant meta-skills that are in greatest demand among employers were identified, namely: effective communications, including in foreign languages, systems thinking, the ability to solve non-standard problems and adaptability. Using the example of professions in the economic and socio-humanitarian spheres, the author analyzed the requirements for applicants set out in vacancies on the hh.ru portal. The most key skills for a number of professions were identified, and they were compared with the competencies that must be mastered by students in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards in these areas of bachelor’s degree training. As a result, competencies were identified that require addition to educational standards and educational programs of higher education. The results obtained can be used in the practical activities of educational organizations of higher education to improve the educational process and, as a result, increase the competitiveness of their graduates. Continue... | |
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№ 5(101)
31 october 2024 year
Rubric: Competitiveness of business Authors: Khryseva A., Glebova A., Kozhukhova M. |
The strength of firms in the sharing economy is that they use resources without owning them. However, as more firms enter the market, access to these resources becomes more difficult. In such circumstances, the focus of this paper is on start-ups and supporting their competitiveness in the market environment, and how to stay noticed and circumvent “critical mass” problems to survive. This will help to see the broad scope of this phenomenon in a new way, the benefits for startups and established companies. The authors note that startups in the collaborative consumption economy initially face the same challenges as startups in other markets. As results, provisions are highlighted to familiarize managers with the reasons for failure and success of startups, their mechanisms of competition in the market environment. Taking these provisions into account will help startups to transform their business models towards greater resilience to the risks of competition. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of objectivity and systematic scientific analysis and synthesis, based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: formal-logical, structural-systemic. Based on the previous studies, the paper offers recommendations on how to maintain the value of business models of startups in the sharing economy, taking into account the fact that they face certain risks. The main conclusion of the article is that startups are currently realizing original rethinking of traditional value creation architectures through the active use of innovative trends that are not limited to the tourism, mobility and human resources sectors, thus expanding the competitive environment of the sharing economy. At the same time, succeeding in the sharing economy with your startup means building a business model based on trust, authenticity and transparency towards customers. Continue... |
