Journal archive

More and more new restrictions are being introduced against the Russian Federation – sectoral and financial sanctions, personal restrictions, new packages of sanctions are being prepared. The article attempts to show the hidden goals of the sanctions policy through a political and economic analysis of the states that initiated the sanctions policy. The analysis proves that the purpose of the sanctions is not only to weaken the Russian Federation economically, but also to poor the allies of the United States, as the initiator of the sanctions, in full accordance with the sanctions paradox of D. Drezner. Protectionism as an economic policy has become entrenched in the actions of the American administration, which can be observed in the processes of deindustrialization of Germany and the weakening of the economy of the European Union countries as a whole. It is important to note that the debt strategy adopted by the American authorities as an element of economic policy has deep historical roots and was proposed by J. M. Keynes to overcome the economic consequences of the war. The inability or unwillingness to abandon the debt strategy, as well as the rapid reduction in the possibilities of using internal sources of economic growth, dictates to the United States the need to ensure external sources of economic growth, where the forceful elimination of a competitor (the Russian Federation) from the European markets of energy products, fertilizers, agricultural raw materials and metals becomes the tip of the iceberg of the ­US sanctions policy, however, the underwater part of the iceberg remained hidden. This article is devoted to its exposure. The theoretical significance of the research is the description of the interdependence of sanctions policy and protectionism policy.

The strength of firms in the sharing economy is that they use resources without owning them. However, as more firms enter the market, access to these resources becomes more difficult. In such circumstances, the focus of this paper is on start-ups and supporting their competitiveness in the market environment, and how to stay noticed and circumvent “critical mass” problems to survive. This will help to see the broad scope of this phenomenon in a new way, the benefits for startups and established companies. The authors note that startups in the collaborative consumption economy initially face the same challenges as startups in other markets. As results, provisions are highlighted to familiarize managers with the reasons for failure and success of startups, their mechanisms of competition in the market environment. Taking these provisions into account will help startups to transform their business models towards greater resilience to the risks of competition. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of objectivity and systematic scientific analysis and synthesis, based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: formal-logical, structural-systemic. Based on the previous studies, the paper offers recommendations on how to maintain the value of business models of startups in the sharing economy, taking into account the fact that they face certain risks. The main conclusion of the article is that startups are currently realizing original rethinking of traditional value creation architectures through the active use of innovative trends that are not limited to the tourism, mobility and human resources sectors, thus expanding the competitive environment of the sharing economy. At the same time, succeeding in the sharing economy with your startup means building a business model based on trust, authenticity and transparency towards customers.

The subject of the study is dynamic management models of innovative business ecosystems. The object of the study is the processes of development of business ecosystems at the macro level. The purpose of the study is to highlight the competitive advantages of dynamic management models in innovative economic systems. The main methods used in the study are: functional – to analyze the behavior of the economic system; grouping scientific knowledge – to systematize the patterns of development of economic systems; the system method was used to study the fundamental foundations of the theory of management models; methods of induction and deduction, as well as time series analysis were used to identify the competitive advantages of dynamic models of innovative business management-ecosystems and their practical implementation. The elements of the behavior of business ecosystems, the main groups of patterns of their development and management stages, approaches to building dynamic models are presented. The results can be useful in developing strategies for the development of innovative business ecosystems, as well as in building management models to achieve competitive advantages. Understanding the patterns of development of competitive innovative business ecosystems and the use of dynamic management models will help Russian companies to remain competitive and successful in the market.

The problem of choosing an effective project management methodology is one of the key tasks in the field of information systems development. In the modern world, software development is one of the most demanded types of project activities, and in almost every field of production specialized software (software) is used, which plays a central role in the functioning of enterprises. In this regard, the creation of an effective development process becomes the most important condition for the successful implementation of the project. Despite the existence of a large number of modern management methodologies, choosing the most appropriate one remains a difficult task that requires a detailed analysis of goals and criteria. The success of the project, both for the contractor and for the customer, largely depends on the correct choice of the management model. The purpose of the study is to analyze key aspects of software development management methodologies in highly competitive modern markets. The main objective of the study includes a comparative analysis of agile software development management methodologies. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of existing agile methodologies. The expediency of using the Kanban methodology as a software development management tool is substantiated, and potential risks associated with choosing the optimal methodology are identified. The results obtained have both theoretical and practical significance, contributing to the informed choice of the most appropriate project management methodology in the field of IP development in modern highly competitive markets.

The article is devoted to the consideration of strategic methods for the development of marketplaces in connection with changes in consumer behavior. The author draws attention to the fact that such a factor as consumer behavior should be considered the main one when forming a strategy. To solve this problem, methods of system analysis and synthesis, the method of induction, content analysis of scientific literature and statistical reviews on the subject under study, materials of periodicals by Russian and foreign authors were used. The author substantiates the importance of taking into account consumer behavior when forming strategies for the development of marketplaces. The conclusions and solutions presented in the study are supported by statistical data on changing consumer behavior – the use of devices and the increasing role of social networks when shopping for goods in an online environment, attention is paid to consumer psychology on marketplaces. The influence of digitalization and the formation of IT solutions by marketplaces in order to meet the most complex consumer needs from an economic point of view is shown. Practical cases of changes in consumer behavior have been analyzed and ways of adapting marketplaces have been studied. Three directions for the development of marketplaces are proposed and each of them is considered in detail, taking into account changes in consumer behavior. Based on the analysis of changes in consumer behavior on marketplaces, recommendations on the application of the "Mobile First" approach were formed and directions for the development of marketplaces for the development of personalized unique offers, the use of new technologies and tools to improve the user experience on marketplaces were determined. The article makes a definite contribution to the scientific and applied understanding of the transformation of consumer behavior and the directions of marketplaces development in conditions of uncertainty.

The sphere of entrepreneurship during the pandemic and the introduction of sanctions suffered significantly; there was an outflow of personnel from business, which requires radical and effective work with personnel and employment in the labor market. The performance indicators of national projects and the work of government officials depend on the situation with employment in business, the creation of proper working conditions, increasing wages and attracting the population to entrepreneurship. The study made it possible to assess the state and trends in the development of entrepreneurship in the country, assess the competitive advantages of companies, and the employment situation. To conduct the research, methods of grouping, comparison, analysis, construction of time series, and methods of constructive discussion were used. As a result of analyzing data on the number of SMEs, the turnover of enterprises, employed workers, and wages, criteria were identified that provide competitive advantages to small and medium-sized businesses locally in terms of attractiveness for employment. The authors outline prospects for increasing the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses. The priorities of the formation and implementation of state policy are set, which should be aimed at improving the provisions of the national project in the field of development and support of SMEs. The increase in theoretical knowledge in the process of research is the development of scientific and methodological approaches to the analysis of the entrepreneurship market from the standpoint of assessing its competitiveness for the country’s economy. For practice, the significance of the study is that it allows us to formulate conclusions for improving the tools for supporting and developing SMEs in the future.

The problems of developing professional competencies, training, retraining and advanced training of personnel are currently quite acute in the labor market in the Russian Federation. The article is devoted to assessing the competitiveness of graduates of educational institutions of higher education by analyzing the correspondence of competencies that are formed as a result of mastering educational programs of higher education and the requirements of the labor market. This study seems relevant in connection with the need to determine the directions of transformation of the Russian higher education system, caused by the global challenges of recent years and the higher education reform planned in 2023 by the President of the Russian Federation. Any changes in the education system should ultimately lead to an increase in the demand for graduates and their competitiveness in the labor market. The author reviewed studies of the competencies of the future and the skills most in demand in the labor market, as a result of which the most relevant meta-skills that are in greatest demand among employers were identified, namely: effective communications, including in foreign languages, systems thinking, the ability to solve non-standard problems and adaptability. Using the example of professions in the economic and socio-humanitarian spheres, the author analyzed the requirements for applicants set out in vacancies on the hh.ru portal. The most key skills for a number of professions were identified, and they were compared with the competencies that must be mastered by students in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards in these areas of bachelor’s degree training. As a result, competencies were identified that require addition to educational standards and educational programs of higher education. The results obtained can be used in the practical activities of educational organizations of higher education to improve the educational process and, as a result, increase the competitiveness of their graduates.

The article represents the author’s approach to substantiating the algorithm for selecting enterprises with stable entrepreneurial activity in the context of changing internal and external conditions of their functioning. The dynamics of the institutional conditions of activity and the life cycle of enterprises in a particular market depend on decisions made by the state, global trends associated with the processes of the fourth industrial revolution and other factors. The article notes that methods for assessing entrepreneurial activity were developed within the framework of a fairly young theory of business demography and currently, in combination with modern digital information processing technologies, contain significant analytical potential that can be used to remove uncertainty when adopting certain state institutional decisions. However, today there is no generally accepted approach to choosing a method in relation to the actual system of indicators for assessing the dynamics of the functioning of an enterprise in the market. The paper proposes a methodology for selecting enterprises with stable entrepreneurial activity, consisting of several successive stages: classification of enterprises according to business demographics; formation of a cluster of enterprises with the maximum life cycle period using basic statistical approaches; assessment of enterprises of the formed cluster in terms of revenue received using the Kendall coefficient of agreement; selection of enterprises with stable entrepreneurial activity according to the criterion of maximizing the Kendall coefficient of agreement. Practical testing of the proposed algorithm was carried out on the basis of the market of IT enterprises in the Rostov region operating under OKVED code 62.02 “Consulting activities and work in the field of computer technology”. As a result, a sample of 13 enterprises was formed, the assessment of which showed high consistency according to the Kendall coefficient of agreement (0.704). Testing using the Pearson criterion showed high statistical reliability of the result obtained. All this provides an opportunity for further analysis of those internal factors due to which it is possible for other enterprises to ensure an increase in the level of entrepreneurial activity in the market under study and thereby increase their level of competitiveness.

The need to restore and create new production chains in machine-building and other complexes requires modeling the final results of the activities of such structures. In this regard, the methodology of the analysis of integrated production chains needs further improvement. The object of the study is a technological chain with full integration of participants, in which the degree of influence of the cumulative nature of cost growth on the results of the system is studied. It is proposed to determine the volume of output of end products by participants in the chain based on demand functions. The article is devoted to substantiating the mechanism of obtaining additional profit by the system by directing part of the profit to reduce production costs. The influence of this process on the volume of the final product of the system and market prices has been established. The article uses matrix modeling as a formal tool for describing the activities of production and technological chains, based on the methodology of forming an intersectoral balance. The results of the study showed that in an integrated system with vertical and horizontal interconnections of firms, directing part of the total profit to cost reduction measures is justified. However, there is an effective (threshold) profit level, deviation from which worsens the parameters of the entire chain: prices, production volumes, profit. The model, based on the principles of intersectoral balance, makes it possible to explain investment processes in integrated chains of any configuration. The results of the study contribute to understanding the mechanism of optimal investment activity of industrial and economic complexes.