Journal archive
The theory of competition |
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The article is aimed at overviewing theoretical researches on the analysis of competition in sports
leagues. Supporters are treated as consumers in the market of sports services who values the unpredictability
of results. The article contains a number of factors that influence the level of unpredictability,
including level of talent in leagues, number of clubs capable to be on top places, and others.
The first part of the article includes statistics to prove the fact of increasing competition between
clubs of the major European leagues: more and more clubs compete with each other for prizes
and European cup zone. There is a number of indicators to evaluate the level of competitiveness in
sports leagues. Further the article contains classification of sports leagues and reasons of appearing
rules that restrict competition, as well as a list of the main factors that cause market monopolization.
There is also a review of several articles with models of competitive balance in sport. In the last part
of the article issues for further applied researches on the topic of sport competition are listed on the
basis of the results of theoretical review of sports economists in Europe and the United States.
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Setting out the long-term priorities of competition policy, it’s impossible today to discuss them
in isolation from industrial policy. New industrial policy is brought to the forefront, and competition
values are its central element. In this context the article offers six major trends for competition policy
up to the year 2030: a shift to «smart» antitrust regulation, developing competition with the use of
IPR, lowering entry barriers, modernizing the regulation of natural monopolies, developing competition
in public procurement and the auctioning off of state property, and developing competition on a
regional level. Part of these trends are explained through specific measures, while part of them are
left up for discussion. A set of short-term measures are proposed as well.
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The main objective of the research was to find out differences between effective and ineffective
competition. The study include a review of authors before A. Smith, classic works, static, dynamic,
evolutionary approaches, theory of games and others. Based on the findings we give an own definition
of competition in term of dynamic self-organization of individuals through bargaining in a complex
social-economic system. In the theoretical part of the study we showed a logical development
of understanding the role of competition from necessity of perceived fight to the efficient, safe and
compromise exchange of the goods in base of accepted price ratios. We used the game theory as
a key model of competition. It allowed us to prove some existence of positive and negative effects.
The study showed a role of uncertainty as a main problem to overcome through competition and
endogeneity of the competitive conditions, which depends from the externalities, path dependence
and network effects. Consistent to earlier research the study supported the hypothesis that effective
competition occurs without conflict, that is possible because of the frequency of the bargaining and
asset specificity.
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Competitiveness of business |
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The article assesses the competitive status of the leading Russian companies in the first half of 2015
with the aim of identifying the most competitive companies in the context of macroeconomic instability.
The authors have shown that a lack of relevance and the imperfection of applied methods of ranking
enables you to use existing ratings to assess the current competitiveness of economic entities. Due to
conclude that assessment of the impact of recessionary phenomena in the economy on the performance
of the largest domestic companies may be made only by applying specific estimation methods
of competitiveness of enterprises. Analyzed the main methods for assessing the competitiveness of
enterprises, identified their strengths and weaknesses. The authors proved that for rapid assessment
of the competitive status of many business entities is the most appropriate application of the dynamic
evaluation method of enterprise competitiveness. Set out the main provisions of the dynamic approach
to the assessment of the competitive-ness of enterprises, the mathematical apparatus and algorithm
analysis, describes the theoretical and methodological principles underlying the dynamic approach. The
methodological and methodical advantages of the dynamic approach compared to traditional methods
of assessing the competitive-ness of enterprises. Discusses practical aspects of assessment and
analysis of competitiveness of enterprises based on a dynamic method. The calculations of the competitiveness
of the largest companies in Russia by the end of 2015. Revealed company with the highest
and lowest level of competitiveness. The analysis of competitiveness by industry. Identified leading
companies in each industry group. It is shown that unlike traditional ratings, which, as a rule, are based
on only one indicator (usually revenue or capitalization of the entity taken as one accounting period), the
ranking of companies with the use of the dynamic approach is a more accurate tool for assessing their
competitiveness. In conclusion, the authors determined the directions of further research on the subject.
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chains (GVC), which means a situation when the final good at each stage of production is produced
in different regions of the World. This trend mainly can be attributed to separate production units
within Multinational Corporations (MNCs) rather than to different countries. Generally, there is a positive
correlation between the share of inward foreign direct investments (FDI) in GDP of a specific
country and the level of its participation in GVCs and its internal value added in the export: the higher
the former, the bigger is latter. So it is becoming more and more important for individual economies
to integrate into existing GVCs. The author outlines positive and negative effects of countries’ participation
in GVCs, which are created and controlled by foreign MNCs. Additionally, the article explains
the mechanism of MNCs’ impact on GVC development. Today we can see that a new trend of the
international trade is the growing role of MNCs from emerging countries like China and India. So the
main conclusion is that in order to benefit from participation in GVC countries need to stimulate the
creation and growth of their own multinationals.
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Identification of the firms’ growth factors is a core task for strategic management. Over the past
century, researchers have shown a significant interest in this topic which have been converted in
an amount of articles considering the influence of different factors on firm`s growth. Nevertheless
this topic is so investigated it remains topical actual, because the current models are not accurate
in predicting growth. The aim of this article is defining the main directions of firm`s growth research
on the basis of literature review in order to understand the current stage of theory development and
provide perspective avenues for future researches. In order to achieve this aim we have selected
articles published during period from 1990 to 2016, devoted to investigating factors influencing
firm growth. Based on analysis of 163 articles from top journals in the field of entrepreneurship and
management authors distinguished four research directions: influence of the personal characteristics
of an entrepreneur on firm growth, influence of different types of resources, influence of internal
characteristics and influence of the external environment. Identified features of contemporary stage
of development of the research field allow us to identify avenues for future research on firm growth.
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